92168.pdf
72 Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces Wilhelmy plate methods A thin mica plate or microscope slide is suspended from the ar ...
Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces 73 The detachment force is related to the surface or interfacial tension by the expressi ...
74 Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces where pl and p 2 are the densities of the lower and upper phases; a = 0.7250 and b = ...
Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces 75 1.4 1.5 Figure 4.8 Correction factor for drop volume and drop weight methods drop-vol ...
76 Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces dimensions (obtained photographically), flow rate, etc. The age of the surface can be ...
Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces 77 The strong adsorption of such materials at surfaces or interfaces in the form of an o ...
78 Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces 801 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Concentration/mol dnr^3 Figure 4.10 Surface tension of aqueous ...
Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces 79 Classification of surfactants 1114 The hydrophilic part of the most effective soluble ...
80 Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces Table 4.2 Surface-active agents Anionic Sodium stearate Sodium oleate Sodium dodecyl ...
Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces 81 P P A "i Region of S Uarying D J composition (a) Ideal system (b) Real system Figure ...
82 Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces From the first and second laws of thermodynamics, d£7 = TdS - pdV + 2/M«/ or, for a s ...
Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces 83 The Gibbs equation in this form could be applied to a solution of a non-ionic surfact ...
84 Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces particularly useful when there is more than one surface-active species or unavoidable ...
Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces 85 McBain pointed out that this seemingly anomalous behaviour could be explained in term ...
86 Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces obtained from dynamic light scattering (page 61), ultracentrifugation (page 31), visc ...
Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces 87 lowering the c.m.c. Micelles containing more than one surfactant often form readily w ...
88 Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces (a) © _ ^ (b) ooo° 0 ° ooooo o Figure 4.14 Micellar structures, (a) Spherical (anioni ...
Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces 89 For diffusion reasons, solubilisation (see next section) would not take place readil ...
90 Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces phase. The strong electrostatic interactions which are likely at this location may in ...
Liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces 9.1 ions are held in the Stern layer; even so, the zeta potential of an ionic micelle is ...
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