Wine Chemistry and Biochemistry

11 Wine Spoilage by Fungal Metabolites 625 Fig. 11.3Factors affecting the levels of OTA in wines main measure to prevent the ent ...

626 Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira et al. that, in different red vinification trials, the mean carry-over of OTA from artificially inf ...

11 Wine Spoilage by Fungal Metabolites 627 11.3.1 Chemical Structure and Occurrence Volatile phenols are a group of molecules in ...

628 Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira et al. Table 11.3 Range of volatile phenol concentrations in wines ( g/L) Wine type Volatile phenol ...

11 Wine Spoilage by Fungal Metabolites 629 Fig. 11.5Hydroxycinnamic acids and their esters (obtained from Monagas et al. 2005, p ...

630 Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira et al. Table 11.4 Range of concentrations of hydroxycinnamic acids and their esters (mg/L) Hydroxyc ...

11 Wine Spoilage by Fungal Metabolites 631 11.3.2.2 Conversion of Hydroxycinnamic Acids Once hydroxycinnamic acids are released ...

632 Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira et al. Table 11.5 Metabolic activity of microorganisms related with production of volatile phenols ...

11 Wine Spoilage by Fungal Metabolites 633 microorganisms on the polyphenolic composition does not seem to have been con- sidere ...

634 Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira et al. was given to the fact (Rapp 1998). The overall incidence of vinylphenols in white wines is n ...

11 Wine Spoilage by Fungal Metabolites 635 this taint because these containers provide a highly favourableecological niche for D ...

636 Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira et al. is unavoidable, the main preventive measures are directed to reduce the activity of contamin ...

11 Wine Spoilage by Fungal Metabolites 637 AB C Fig. 11.6Chemical structure of (A) 2-ethyltetrahydropyridine (ETHP), (B) 2-acety ...

638 Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira et al. trace levels up to 7.8 g/L (Snowdon et al. 2006). In other food products it has been describ ...

11 Wine Spoilage by Fungal Metabolites 639 acid bacteria, the white wine enigmatic resistance to VP production, the reasons expl ...

640 Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira et al. Cavin, J., Andioc, P., Etievant, P., & Divies, C. (1993). Ability of wine lactic bacteri ...

11 Wine Spoilage by Fungal Metabolites 641 Dugelay, I., Gunata, Z., Sapis, J.C., Baumes, R., & Bayonove, C. (1993). Role of ...

642 Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira et al. Hesford, F., & Schneider, K. (2004). Die Entdeckungeines dritten Ethylphenols als Mitver ...

11 Wine Spoilage by Fungal Metabolites 643 Influence of the fungus control strategy in the vineyard on the presence of ochrotoxi ...

644 Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira et al. Ringot, D., Chango, A., Schneider, Y.J., & Larondelle, Y. (2006). Toxicokinetics and tox ...