Science - USA (2021-12-24)
and data S5] more than 25 Ma later. These examples illustrate the short time spans of size increases in ichthyosaurs compared wi ...
deep regions of the ichthyosaur tree, with some indication that fastest size evolution may have occurred in cymbospondylids and ...
requires complementary approaches. We chose a Bayesian implementation of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model of trait evolution ( 10 , ...
shifts. However, a second shift toward the evolution of large body sizes occurred in the Oligocene, fitted to the branch leading ...
energy surplus (fig. S16C and table S12). This surplus may indicate that the food web of the Fossil Hill Fauna as now known is i ...
modified Huanget al.( 63 ) taxon set (analysis III) findsCymbospondylusas later branching than mixosaurids and the CarnianToreto ...
(fig. S10) with a maximum likelihood approach, using the“fitContinuous”function of the R package“geiger”( 10 ) (data S6). We fit ...
new tool from quantitative ecosystem ecology implemented in R,“fluxweb”( 41 ), which is based on allometric trophic network theo ...
altered by changing body masses. An evalu- ation of the equations used for physiological losses shows that whereas the body-mass ...
e1602159 (2017). doi:10.1126/sciadv.1602159; pmid: 28246643 H. Song, P. B. Wignall, A. M. Dunhill, Decoupled taxonomic and ecol ...
RESEARCH ARTICLES ◥ MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pol IV and RDR2: A two-RNA-polymerase machine that produces double-stranded RNA Kun Huang1 ...
loop, the lid loop, the bridge helix, and the trigger loop) compared with those of Pol II. Pol IV lacks surfaces for recruiting ...
thus imply an incompatible interaction be- tween TFIIS and Pol IV, consistent with the absence of TFIIS in previous and our LC-M ...
Additionally, the catalytic domain of RDR2 makes extensive contact with the relocated NRPB9 zinc ribbon (Fig. 3B and movie S3). ...
20-nt duplex-forming segment; (ii) the tem- plate DNA strand comprises a 20-nt duplex- forming segment followed by a 13-nt tail; ...
and RNA in the active center cleft (Fig. 5A and figs. S4F and S9B). By contrast, the rud- der and lid loops in structures of the ...
methylation. By contrast, PNRPD1::NRPD1(DFHT; M5)nrpd1exhibited the same low-DNA methyl- ation level as thenrpd1mutant. Moreover ...
in our work provides structural evidence for the RNA channeling hypothesis ( 20 ). How- ever, contradictory to previous assumpti ...
in 235 million confirmed cases of COVID- 19 causing >5.2 million deaths globally as of December 2021. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly ...
from all coronavirus types known to infect hu- mans ( 6 , 7 , 30 ), including beta-coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, HKU1, ...
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