Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization

...

On the Cover: One route to harvesting the energy of the sun involves learning to mimic natural photosynthesis. Here, sunlight fa ...

BASIC RESEARCH NEEDS FOR SOLAR ENERGY UTILIZATION Report on the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Solar Energy Utilization Chair ...

...

iii CONTENTS Notation........................................................................................................... ...

iv CONTENTS (CONT.) Appendix 4: Additional Reading ............................................................................. ...

v NOTATION ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS a-Si:H hydrogenated amorphous silicon AD anaerobic digester AEZ agro ecological zone AM ai ...

vi OEC oxygen-evolving complex PCET proton-coupled electron transfer PCM phase change storage material PEC photoelectrochemical ...

vii K Kelvin L liter(s) MHz megahertz mm millimeter(s) MW megawatt(s) (10^6 W = 1 million watts) MWe megawatt(s) (electric) MWth ...

viii ...

ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY World demand for energy is projected to more than double by 2050 and to more than triple by the end of the ...

x thin films, organic semiconductors, dye sensitization, and quantum dots offer fascinating new opportunities for cheaper, more ...

xi SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS The key challenge in solar thermal technology is to identify cost-effective methods to convert sunlight ...

xii genetic sequencing, protein production, and structural biology that will soon bring the secrets of photosynthesis and natura ...

INTRODUCTION ...

...

INTRODUCTION The supply and demand of energy determine the course of global development in every sphere of human activity. Suffi ...

as biomass for combustion as primary fuels or for conversion in reactors to secondary fuels like liquid ethanol or gaseous carbo ...

showing promise to overcome them. The workshop focused on the grand challenges in solar energy research, where scientific breakt ...

The revolution in biology is a second major force enabling rapid progress in solar energy research. The twin triumphs of genome ...