Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization

E. Hutter and J.H. Fendler, “Exploitation of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances,” Adv. Mat. 16 , 1685 (2004). S.G. Johnson and ...

GENERAL REFERENCE E.L. Wolf, Nanophysics and Nanotechnology: An Introduction to Modern Concepts in Nanoscience. Wiley & Sons ...

Priority Research Directions Revolutionary Photovoltaic Devices: 50% Efficient Solar Cells ........... 91 Maximum Energy from So ...

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Figure 20 A grand challenge of photovoltaics: How to bridge the gap between existing photovoltaic devices and the efficiency lim ...

RESEARCH DIRECTIONS Several paths exist toward the realization of photovoltaic devices with efficiency greater than 50%, includi ...

Multiple Exciton Generation Solar Cells A central limitation of existing solar cell approaches is the one-to-one relationship be ...

Multiple Energy Level Solar Cells In multiple energy level solar cells, the mismatch between the incident energy of the solar sp ...

SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES Despite the promise of the new approaches utilizing novel phenomena and materials for energy conversion, s ...

Strain Relaxation. Growth of layers on a single- or polycrystalline substrate is affected by the orientation and lattice constan ...

Control over Nucleation and Growth for Producing High-quality Thin Films The growth of a thin semiconductor layer on an inexpens ...

the relevant elastic and inelastic scattering processes that are specific for the respective materials and their interfaces. It ...

dispersion. These structures can control the rate of spontaneous emission and absorption via interaction of the local density of ...

A.J. Nozik, “Quantum Dot Solar Cells,” Physica E 14 , 115 (2002). R.T. Ross and A.J. Nozik, “Efficiency of Hot-Carrier Solar Ene ...

MAXIMUM ENERGY FROM SOLAR PHOTONS AT LOW COST: DESIGNED PLASTIC PHOTOVOLTAIC STRUCTURES “Plastic” solar cells made from molecula ...

these new organic structures, and to maximize energy extraction efficiencies. The research will strive to achieve new, low-cost, ...

wettability or post-deposition cross-linking, or to allow layer-by-layer deposition—are also key objectives. Considerable succes ...

Figure 30 Schematic diagram (right) of an excitonic solar cell comprising a donor (orange) and an acceptor (green) species. An e ...

process of charge carrier recombination. Transport of the resulting charged carriers away from the interface so as not to form b ...

carrier injection between the individual cells has received little attention. Use of colloidal metals to fulfill this function h ...