Hydraulic Structures: Fourth Edition

Fig. 5.8 Spatial hydraulic jump basins: (a) change in width; (b) change in depth; (c) flow from lateral channels (after Locher a ...

STILLING BASINS 257 to low dams was developed particularly in the USSR (e.g. Skladnev, 1956) and is reviewed by Novak and Cˇábel ...

to reduce and localize the scour (in a position where it can be controlled and is not harmful to the dam), not to eliminate it. ...

PLUNGE POOLS 259 5.4 Plunge pools Downstream of free-falling jets (jet, ski-jump spillways, flip buckets) energy dissipation tak ...

proposed an equation (applicable to model and prototype) where air entrainment replaces the effect of H*: ys3.39 (q0.6(1)0.3y ...

5.5 Energy dissipation at bottom outlets The flow from outlets occurs most frequently in a concentrated stream of high velocity. ...

262 ENERGY DISSIPATION Sudden expansion energy dissipators(Locher and Hsu, 1984) which utilize the principle of energy loss at a ...

WORKED EXAMPLES 263 From equation (5.4), for S50 m, ! 1 0.0155 H S  1 0.0155 5. 5 0 0 32 0.846. Forn0.028,d1/60.028/ ...

Assume Cd0.65; thus H 10 3/(20.65 1 9 .6 2 )2.69 m, and ! 1 (0.015557.5)/2.690.67. 57.52.6960.19y 1  102 /(19.6 ...

REFERENCES 265 Bollaert, E.F.R. and Schleiss, A.J. (2005) Physically based model for evaluation of rock scour due to high-veloci ...

Mason, P.J. (1982) The choice of hydraulic energy dissipators for dam outlet works based on a survey of prototype usage. Proceed ...

Chapter 6 Gates and valves 6.1 General Although this chapter deals mainly with gates and valves used in dam engineering some par ...

In the following sections some broadly valid ranges of heads and spans for some of the most frequently used types of gates are g ...

the closure of very high openings); in the case of flow over the top of the gate it may be provided with an additional flap gate ...

The pier face downstream of the gate slots may be protected against the effect of flow separation and possible cavitation (see S ...

6.2.5 Flap gates Flap gates (bottom-hinged gates) (Fig. 6.4) are one of the simplest and most frequently used types of regulatin ...

than other types of gates; they require protection against freezing and are particularly sensitive to aeration demand and vibrat ...

Fig. 6.4 Flap gate (after Thomas, 1976) Fig. 6.5 Roller gate (after US Army Waterways Experimental Station, 1959) ...

large recesses. New roller gate installations are not being used nowadays partly because large units of this type are very vulne ...

6.3 High-head gates and valves 6.3.1 General High-head (submerged) gates and valves transmit the load to the surrounding structu ...