Hydraulic Structures: Fourth Edition

No well-defined procedure exists at present for the design of a groyne system. Experience gained from field observations, model ...

WAVE FORCES ON COASTAL STRUCTURES 637 If the depth in the vicinity of the wall is such that the waves break before or at the wal ...

Note that the velocity potential satisfies u0 at the wall for which x0. At the wall  sint. (15.8) Using equation (15.8) in t ...

WAVE FORCES ON COASTAL STRUCTURES 639 With the trough of the clapotis at the wall, the force per unit width is Fmin (dh 0 H) ...

The force on the wall is obtained by integrating the pressure variation. The variation of the dynamic pressure component with re ...

WAVE RUN-UP 641 The coefficients
1 ,
2 and
3 are
1 0.60.5 sinh 4 p (4 D p s D /L s/L)  2
2 min 1 3 (1 ds/db)(H ...

Fig. 15.8 Examples of sea walls ...

WAVE RUN-UP 643 and adequate drainage must be provided behind the wall to reduce slope failure and undermining. When a wave brea ...

height (Allsop et al., 1985). The average run-up Rsreached by significant wave of height Hsis 2.11 0.09p. (15.24) The average ...

WAVE OVERTOPPING 645 The correction factors rfor rough slopes have been updated but are only slightly different from the values ...

in which Hsis offshore significant wave height, Tis the mean wave period,
is the approach angle, dis the depth at the toe of th ...

RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATERS 647 ans they suggest mean values 0.004 as not uncomfortable but wet, between 0.004 and 0.03 l/s/m as u ...

made of large quarry-stones or concrete prefabricated units such as tetrapods, cobs and dolos (Fig. 15.10), the latter specially ...

Table 15.3 Values of K D in Hudson’s formula (SPM): no damage and minor overtopping Armour unit Number of units Structure trunk ...

the waves approaching the coast. There is some evidence that the stability of the armour units is affected by the wave groups, s ...

RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATERS 651 armour units displaced in the zone of wave attack. Damage is permissible if the intermediate layers ...

Typical permeability factors Pfor different types of rock construc- tion are presented in Fig. 15.11 (Van der Meer, 1987). The e ...

SEA OUTFALLS 653 15.7 Sea outfalls 15.7.1 General The oceans have a great capacity to assimilate wastes and to make them harmles ...

achieve environmentally acceptable standards. Before the effluent is dis- charged into the sea, the grit is removed to avoid its ...

SEA OUTFALLS 655 the surface, entrainment of the surrounding water takes place with the maximum velocity and concentration along ...