82025.13.3 Radio-Frequency Inductors............................................................ 912
25.13.4 Virtues of Grounding................................................................ 913
25.13.5 Passive Mixing..................................................................... 914
25.13.6 Devolved Mixing................................................................... 914
25.13.7 Balanced Mixing.................................................................... 915
25.13.8 Pan Pots........................................................................... 915
25.13.9 Surround Panning................................................................... 916
25.14 Monitoring........................................................................... 917
25.14.1 Solo, Solo-Free, and Prefade Listen..................................................... 918
25.14.2 Monitoring Controls................................................................. 918
25.14.3 Related Crosstalk................................................................... 919
25.14.4 Unrelated Crosstalk.................................................................. 919
25.14.5 Quantifying Crosstalk................................................................ 919
25.14.6 Meters............................................................................ 919
25.14.6.1 VU Meters..................................................................... 920
25.14.6.2 Peak Program Meter (PPM)....................................................... 920
25.14.6.3 Other Metering................................................................. 922
25.15 A Typical Multitrack Console Described.................................................... 922
25.15.1 Channel System Example............................................................. 922
25.15.2 Function Modes.................................................................... 923
25.15.3 Recording Mode.................................................................... 923
25.15.4 Mixdown Mode..................................................................... 923
25.15.5 Overdub Mode..................................................................... 923
25.15.6 Logic Control...................................................................... 923
25.15.7 Switch Debouncing.................................................................. 926
25.15.8 Logic Sense........................................................................ 928
25.15.9 What Is a PROM?................................................................... 928
25.15.10 Logic Meets Analog................................................................ 929
25.15.11 Auxiliary Channel Feeds............................................................. 930
25.15.12 Summing Modules................................................................. 930
25.15.13 Mixes to Outputs................................................................... 932
25.15.14 Master Functions................................................................... 932
25.15.15 Power on Reset.................................................................... 933
25.15.16 Meters and Head room.............................................................. 933
25.15.17 System Level Architecture........................................................... 933
25.16 Consoles and Computers................................................................ 935
25.16.1 Fader Automation................................................................... 936
25.16.2 VCAs............................................................................. 936
25.16.2.1 Transistor Junctions............................................................. 937
25.16.2.2 Gilbert Cell.................................................................... 937
25.16.2.3 Log-Antilog Cell................................................................ 938
25.16.2.4 Commercial VCAs.............................................................. 938
25.16.2.5 Control Voltage Noise............................................................ 938
25.16.2.6 VCA Channel Application........................................................ 939
25.16.3 Digitally Controlled Amplifiers........................................................ 940
25.16.3.1 Multiplying DACs............................................................... 940
25.16.3.2 Charge Injection................................................................ 940
25.16.3.3 Zero-Crossing.................................................................. 941
25.16.4 Discrete Logic and Programmable Gate Arrays............................................ 942
25.16.5 Recall and Reset.................................................................... 942