American Politics Today - Essentials (3rd Ed)

STUDY GUIDE|^351 SUMMARY The bureaucracy has grown substantially since the turn of the twentieth century, largely in response t ...

THE HUMAN FACE OF THE BUREAUCRACY E Describe who bureaucrats are and the regulations that govern their employment. Pages 339–42 ...

STUDY GUIDE|^353 CONTROLLING THE BUREAUCRACY E Explain how Congress and the president oversee the executive branch. Pages 343–4 ...

The Courts 354 12 ...

355 I N JUNE 2012, THE SUPREME COURT THRUST itself into the middle of election-year politics by deciding two cases—one concernin ...

356 CHAPTER 12|THE COURTS CHAPTER goals Explain how the power of judicial review was established. ¾ PAGES 357–61 Outline the s ...

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDEPENDENT AND POWERFUL FEDERAL JUDICIARY| 357 The Development of an Independent and Powerful Federal Ju ...

358 CHAPTER 12|THE COURTS The main disagreements about the judiciary had to do with how independent the courts should be vis-à ...

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDEPENDENT AND POWERFUL FEDERAL JUDICIARY| 359 original jurisdiction The authority of a court to handle ...

360 CHAPTER 12|THE COURTS Judicial Review in Practice The contours of the relationship between the national government and the ...

THE AMERICAN LEGAL AND JUDICIAL SYSTEM| 361 more diffi cult to measure, but the percentage of state laws that have been struck ...

362 CHAPTER 12|THE COURTS Many, but not all, civil and criminal cases are heard before a jury that decides the outcome in the ...

THE AMERICAN LEGAL AND JUDICIAL SYSTEM| 363 the government is a party. For example, when an environmental group challenged the ...

364 CHAPTER 12|THE COURTS JURISDICTION The fi nal general characteristic of the legal system is the jurisdiction of the court: ...

THE AMERICAN LEGAL AND JUDICIAL SYSTEM| 365 appeals courts usually get the fi nal word. Appeals courts did not always have this ...

366 CHAPTER 12|THE COURTS which meant that affi rmative action was legal in certain parts of the country and unconstitutional ...

THE COURT SYSTEM Answers: 1.c; 2.d If you are convicted in a U.S. district court and want to appeal the ruling, with which court ...

368 CHAPTER 12|THE COURTS FEDERAL JUDGES The Constitution does not specify requirements for serving on the federal courts, unl ...

THE AMERICAN LEGAL AND JUDICIAL SYSTEM| 369 TABLETABLE » »^ 12.2^ 5.1 THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF THE FEDERAL BENCH All presidents try ...

370 CHAPTER 12|THE COURTS seen as unqualifi ed. The other 26 nominees were rejected for politi- cal reasons. Most commonly, wh ...