A40 ENDNOTES
- Michael F. Holt, The Rise and Fall of the Whig Party: Jackso-
nian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War (New York: Oxford
University Press, 1999). - Raymond Wolfi nger, “Why Political Machines Have Not
Withered Away and Other Revisionist Thoughts,” Journal of
Politics 34:2 (1972): 365–98. - For details on Tammany Hall, see William L. Riordon,
Plunkitt of Tammany Hall (1905; repr., New York: Dutton,
1963), also available at http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/
plunkett-george/tammany-hall. - Harold W. Stanley, William T. Bianco, and Richard G. Niemi,
“Partisanship and Group Support over Time: A Multivariate
Analysis,” American Political Science Review 80 (1986): 969–76. - Frank Baumgartner and Bryan D. Jones, Agendas and Instabil-
ity in American Politics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
2009). - Aldrich, Why Parties?
- James L. Sundquist, Dynamics of the Party System, rev. ed.
(Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1983). - Aldrich, Why Parties?
- The full list of Democratic constituency groups is available
at http://www. democrats.org/people. A list of Republican coali-
tion groups is available at http://www.gop.com/coalition-support
(accessed 10/18/12). - Jon F. Hale, “The Making of the New Democrats,” Political Sci-
ence Quarterly 110:2 (1995): 207–32. - James Monroe, The Political Party Matrix (Albany, NY: SUNY
Press, 2001). - Gary Cox and Mathew McCubbins, Legislative Leviathan
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993); James M.
Snyder and Michael M. Ting, “An Informational Rationale
for Political Parties,” American Journal of Political Science 46
(2002): 90–110. - David Kirkpatrick, “Pelosi Faces Competing Pressures on
Health Care,” New York Times, November 9, 2009, p. A1. - Jason Roberts and Steven Smith, “Procedural Contexts, Party
Strategy, and Conditional Party Government,” American Jour-
nal of Political Science 47:2 (2003): 205–317. - David Rohde, Parties and Leaders in the Post-Reform House
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). - Catherine Rampell, “Tax Pledge May Scuttle a Deal on Defi -
cit,” New York Times, November 18, 2011, p. B1. - Michael Meff ert, Helmut Norpoth, and Anirudh V. S. Ruhil,
“Realignment and Macropartisanship,” American Political
Science Review 95:4 (2001): 953–62. - Larry M. Bartels, “Partisanship and Voting Behavior, 1952–
1996,” American Journal of Political Science 44:1 (2000):
35–50. - Martin P. Wattenberg, Where Have All the Voters Gone? (Cam-
bridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002). - Jill Lawrence, “Party Recruiters Lead Charge for ’06 Vote;
Choice of Candidates to Run in Fall May Decide Who Controls
the House,” USA Today, May 25, 2006, p. A5. - Compiled from information available at http://www.ballot-access
.org (accessed 12/17/09).
http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode-fairnessdoct
(accessed 10/17/12).- The Project for Excellence in Journalism, “The State of the
News Media, 2007: Ownership,” 2007, http://www.stateofthenews
media.org/2007/narrative_overview_ownership.asp?cat=5
&media=1 (accessed 2/26/08). - The FCC website has details of current regulations as well
as the agency’s strategic goals. See http://www.fcc.gov/ (accessed
10/17/12). - Columbia Journalism Review maintains a list of holdings for
major media companies at Who Owns What, http://www.cjr.org/
tools/owners. - For a discussion of these concepts, see Paul M. Sniderman
and Sean M. Theriault, “The Structure of Political Argument
and the Logic of Issue Framing,” in Studies in Public Opinion,
ed. William E. Saris and Paul M. Sniderman (Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press, 2004); Shanto Iyengar and Don-
ald Kinder, News That Matters (Chicago: University of Chi-
cago Press, 1987). See also Maxwell McCombs and Donald L.
Shaw, “The Agenda-Setting Functions of Mass Media,” Pub-
lic Opinion Quarterly 36 (1972): 176–87; Amos Tversky and
Daniel Kahnemann, “The Framing of Decisions and the Psy-
chology of Choice,” Science 211 (1981): 453–58. - James N. Druckman and Michael Parkin, “The Impact of
Media Bias: How Editorial Slant Aff ects Voters,” Journal of
Politics 67 (2005): 4, 1030–49; for similar results, see Kim
Fridkin Kahn and Patrick J. Kenney, “The Slant of the News,”
American Political Science Review 96 (2002): 381–94. - Jon A. Krosnick and Laura Brannon, “The Impact of the Gulf
War on the Ingredients of Presidential Evaluations: Multidi-
mensional Eff ects of Political Involvement,” American Politi-
cal Science Review 87 (1993): 963–75.
CHAPTER 6
- John Aldrich, Why Parties? (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 2005). - Joseph Schlesinger, Political Parties and the Winning of Offi ce
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994). - The three-part description fi rst appeared in V. O. Key, Politics,
Parties, and Pressure Groups (New York: Crowell, 1956). For
a more recent description, see Paul Allen Beck and Marjorie
Hershey, Party Politics in America (New York: Longman, 2004). - William Nesbit Chambers and Walter Dean Burnham, The
American Party Systems: Stages of Political Development
(Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1966). - Donald H. Hickey, “Federalist Party Unity and the War of
1812,” Journal of American Studies 12 (April 1978): 23–39;
William T. Bianco, David B. Spence, and John D. Wilkerson,
“The Electoral Connection in the Early Congress: The Case of
the Compensation Act of 1816,” American Journal of Political
Science 40 (February 1996): 145–71. - Aldrich, Why Parties?
- James MacPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1988).