A72 INDEX
judicial restraint, 380
judicial review, 12, 40, 42, 42, 98, 358–59,
383, 478
Marbury v. Madison and, 358–59, 359
in practice, 360–61
Judiciary Act (1789), 358, 359, 364
juries, 356, 362, 396
Justice Department, U.S., 73, 265, 335, 370,
389, 444
number of employees in, 338
solicitor general in, 375
Watergate investigation of, 308
Kagan, Elena, 364, 370, 377, 380, 380, 415
Kaibab National Forest, 446
Kansas, 372, 382
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), 295
Katrina, Hurricane:
FEMA and, 313, 329, 348
social policy and lessons of, 428
Kennan, George, 472
Kennedy, Anthony M., 380, 380, 381
Kennedy, John F.:
assassination of, 428
civil rights and, 296, 402, 405, 414
Kennedy, Ted, 12
Kentucky, 106, 404
Kenya, 474
Kerry, John, 194, 200
Keynes, John Maynard, 437
Keynesian economics, 437, 439
Kimel et al. v. Florida Board of Regents, 77
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 400, 401, 402
Kissinger, Henry, 473
Kony, Joseph, 480
Kosovo, 297, 474
Ku Klux Klan, 99, 100, 101
Kuwait, 297
Kyoto Protocol, 303–4
”laboratories of democracy,” 79
Labor Department, U.S., 335, 338, 459
labor laws, 67, 77
see also employment; workplace issues
labor relations, 67
labor unions, see unions
LaHood, Ray, 314
laissez faire capitalism, 67
Lambeau Field, 84
Land Grant College Act (1862), 461
land use, 58
language, offi cial, 16, 17, 418
Laos, 41
latent opinion, 128
see also public opinion, latency of
Latinos, 389, 389
civil rights of, 392, 394–95, 406, 414
G. W. Bush’s overtures to, 415, 419
poverty rate of, 397
voting history of, 16, 260, 394–95
law clerks, 378
laws:
bills becoming, 280–86
creation of, 9, 12, 40, 59, 60, 61, 63, 66, 67,
72–73, 75, 78, 79, 81, 84, 97, 98, 99,
104, 107, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115
electoral, 45
enforcement of, 7, 9, 58, 59, 76, 77, 78, 111
implementation of, 298, 317, 318
interpretation of, 8, 12, 40, 60–61, 63–64,
67, 76, 79, 81, 92, 103–4, 116–19,
317, 359
just vs. unjust, 402
Locke’s view on, 32
overturning of, 75, 76, 77, 78, 78, 79, 81,
98, 99, 103, 104
precedence of national versus state,
75–79, 77, 79, 84
state and local, 60–62, 64, 67, 72–73, 75,
77, 78, 79–82, 91, 95, 96, 98, 99, 101,
104, 109–10, 114, 115, 116, 117–18
see also specifi c laws
law schools, 368, 374
affi rmative action and, 418
desegregation of, 403–4
lawsuits, 61, 65, 410
see also class action lawsuits
lawyers:
apprenticeship of, 368
Supreme Court oral argument of,
376–77, 376
League of Nations, 296, 472
Ledbetter, Lily, 410
Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber, 367
LeFevre, Dell, 446
legal system, U.S., 361–72
general characteristics of, 361–64
procedures of, 364
see also courts; judicial branch; Supreme
Court, U.S.
legislation, types of, 281
legislative branch:
allocation of power to, 6, 8, 28, 30, 32–33,
38–42
checks and balances on, 40–42
state representation in, 30, 31–32
see also Congress, U.S.; House of
Representatives, U.S.; Senate, U.S.
legislative power, of president, 304–5
Leguizamo, John, 397
Lehman Brothers, 445
Lemon test, 105–6
lesbians, see gays, gay rights
”Letter from the Birmingham Jail” (King), 402
letter-writing campaigns, 243
Lewinsky, Monica, 287
Libby, I. Lewis “Scooter,” 306
libel, 103, 108
liberals, 12, 16, 79, 81, 128, 130, 139–40, 139,
142, 204, 205
in Supreme Court, 377, 379–80, 381, 381
Libertarian Party, 184
Libya, 347, 347, 481, 487
civil war in, 347
life expectancy, 399
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act (2009), 367, 410
Limbaugh, Rush, 146, 147
limited government, 16, 25, 37, 48, 79, 142
Lincoln, Abraham, 64, 258, 393
Civil War and, 295
line item veto, 375
literacy tests, 393, 412litigation, as lobbying strateg y, 241, 242
living Constitution, 379
living wills, 117
lobbying, lobbyists, 229, 229, 232, 237,
248, 446
astroturf, 243
bribes used by, 236, 237
confl ict in, 248–49
defi nition of, 231
direct, 240–41
drafting legislation and regulations in,
241
fi nancial spending on, 237–39, 238, 239,
240, 250
grassroots, 242–43, 249
group members as taking part in, 235
growth in number of, 237
media used in, 237, 243
regulations imposed on, 236
trade associations and, 238
see also interest groups
Locke, John, 32
logrolling, 271
Lopez, Alfonso, 78
Lord’s Resistance Army, 480
Los Angeles, Calif., 433
Los Angeles Times, 145
Louisiana, 95, 407
civil law tradition in, 362
Louisiana Purchase, 471
Louisville, Ky., 405
loyalty, of EOP staff , 312–13
lunch counters, desegregation of, 401–2, 403
Luxembourg, 486McCain, John, 184, 196, 200, 208, 217, 273
2008 election results of, 175
in 2008 Republican primaries, 196, 217
McCain-Feingold Act (Bipartisan Campaign
Reform Act; 2002), 208
McChrystal, Stanley, 467, 467, 468, 476
McClintock, Tom, 193
McConnell, Mitch, 181
McCulloch v. Maryland, 63, 65, 65
McDonald’s, 428, 452
Madison, James, 27, 29, 31, 265, 317
views on government of, 7–8, 29, 31,
32–33, 42, 63
magazines:
as media news sources, 145, 148, 151
online sites for, 148
Maine, 77, 198
mainstream media (MSM), 145–48
comparing diff erences in sources of,
145–48
see also media
”majority-minority” districts, 265
majority opinions, 378
majority rule:
Constitutional Convention issue
of, 31, 33
problems with, 29
see also tyranny of the majority
majority voting, 195
Malloy v. Hogan, 96
Manchin, Joe, 263