Conservation Science

This reduction involves a 30% decrease in volume, which makes the rust lay- ers more porous and allows the solution to reach the ...

Holland 1was raised in September 1981 and taken to dry dock in Devonport where she was cleaned with high-pressure water to remov ...

the submarine. Figure 8 shows one of the sections being lifted by crane around the submarine. The lower edges of the tank were b ...

Prior to the assembly of the glass fibre-reinforced polyester resin laminate tank, as many of the non-ferrous fittings as feasib ...

the range where the steel remains passive. Reference electrodes were positioned throughout the submarine to monitor the potentia ...

The important precaution to be considered in this method is the evolu- tion of hydrogen gas on the surface of the artefact, whic ...

loss was due to the turbulence in the surrounding seawater while the ship was underway. Metallurgical analysis revealed that the ...

thick, which did not show up on the ultrasonic survey. New plates were inserted if the area ofdamage was excessive or a patch we ...

steel in the passive region. Once all the sections had been conserved, they were drained, pressure-washed, dried and painted wit ...

electric heating elements in order to produce an even temperature distribution within the retort. The reducing atmosphere was ob ...

original corrosion products were now converted mostly into a mixture of magnetite and metallic iron. The reactions that have tak ...

(red rust) (16) (magnetite) (17) Chloride-based iron compounds either sublime at the operating temperatures or reduced in the pr ...

Small items from the furnace were impregnated with the same resins in a vacuum chamber. The major criticism of this method of co ...

have a high degree of cross-linking that imparts good mechanical strength to these resins. Typical examples in this group includ ...

Chapter 7 Glass and Ceramics HANNELORE RÖMICH Fraunhofer-Institut für Silicatforschung (ISC), Bronnbach 28, 97877 Wertheim-Bronn ...

Glass and Ceramics 161 invention, and glass, which followed later, are important indicators of the technological development of ...

162 Chapter 7 Around 50 BC glassblowing was invented, which is considered a technological milestone in the production of glass. ...

Glass and Ceramics 163 when reacting with silica to form a glass: the silicon–oxygen network is broken up (Figure 3). The ionic ...

164 Chapter 7 be based, for example, on the ratio of selected major compounds (e.g. high lime/low alkali for 16th century German ...

Glass and Ceramics 165 ●Glass dissolution leads to a dull appearance of the glass with small dots or short cracks that are detec ...