kingdom of Pergamon until 133 BCE, when it came under Rome. M VI
was besieged here by Flauius Fimbria 85 BCE. PECS 715, E. Akurgal; BAGRW 56-D4; BNP
11 (2007) 303, E. Olshausen.
A, A.
Plataia (mod. Kokkla; 38 ̊ 13 ’ N, 23 ̊ 16 ’ E): in southern Boio ̄tia between Mt. Kithairon
and the Asopos river, not far from Athens, often under control of The ̄bai. Best known as
the site of the final battle against Persia, 479 BCE. Destroyed by Sparta and The ̄bai 427
BCE, after a two-year siege. Rebuilt ca 380 BCE with help from Sparta, again destroyed by
The ̄bai 374/373 BCE; once more rebuilt, by Philip II of Macedon (ca 350 BCE). PECS
717, N. Bonacasa; OCD3 1189, J. Buckler and A.J.S. Spawforth; BAGRW 55-E4; BNP 11
(2007) 336–337, K. Freitag.
A, D.
Pleuron (mod. Kato Retsina; 38 ̊ 26 ’ N, 21 ̊ 25 ’ E): ancient Aitolian city between the
Akhelos and Euonos rivers, west of Amphissa. After destruction by De ̄me ̄trios II in 230
BCE, the inhabitants moved 1.5 km northward to a fortified site on Mt. Arakunthos. PECS
717 – 718, N. Bonacasa; OCD3 1197, W.M. Murray; BAGRW 55-A4; BNP 11 (2007) 382–383,
K. Freitag.
A.
Poseido ̄nia (mod. Paestum; 40 ̊ 25 ’ N, 15 ̊ 00 ’ E): coastal city of Lucania founded from
Subaris, ca 600 BCE, south-east of Neapolis, it prospered in the 6th c. Taken over by
natives ca 410 BCE, sided with P against Rome, then under Rome as a Latin
colonia from 273 BCE, and a municipium from 88 BCE. PECS 663 – 665, W.D.E. Coulson;
OCD3 1091, H.K. Lomas; BAGRW 45-B4; BNP 11 (2007) 678–682, M. Lesky.
S.
Poteidaia ⇒ Kassandreia
Praeneste (mod. Palestrina; 41 ̊ 50 ’ N, 12 ̊ 53 ’ E): Etruscan-influenced site in the Apennines
40 km east-south-east of Rome, east of Tusculum, colonia from ca 500 BCE, but opposed
Rome in the 4th c. BCE. After 90 BCE, a Roman municipium, supported Marius, sacked by
Sulla, rebuilt and colonized with veterans 82 BCE. In imperial times, much visited by those
consulting the oracle. PECS 735 – 736, L. Richardson, Jr.; OCD3 1239, E.T. Salmon and
T.W. Potter; BAGRW 43-D2; BNP 11 (2007) 764–765, M.M. Morciano.
A.
Prie ̄ne ̄ (mod. Güllübahçe; 37 ̊ 40 ’ N, 27 ̊ 18 ’ E): Ionian city at the mouth of the Maiandros
river, under Persians 546– 499 BCE; revolted and suppressed; sometimes allied with Athens
in the 5th c. BCE. Refounded at the foot of Mt. Mukale ̄ in the 4th c. BCE, due to silting
in the gulf. Territory ravaged by the Celts 277 BCE. Under Rome from 129 BCE, after
which further silting of the Maiandros river depressed prosperity. PECS 737 – 739, G.E. Bean;
OCD3 1245, J.M. Cook and A.J.S. Spawforth; BAGRW 61-E2; BNP 11 (2007) 832–837,
Fr. Rumscheid.
D, M, M, P.
Prokonessos (mod. Marmara; 40 ̊ 37 ’ N, 27 ̊ 37 ’ E): largest island of the Propontis, colony
founded by Mile ̄tos ca 675 BCE; revolted from Persians 499 BCE, and sacked; allied with
Athens in the 5th c. BCE; taken by Kuzikos ca 360 BCE, and the population deported.
BAGRW 52-B3; BNP 11 (2007) 918, E. Olshausen and V. Sauer.
D, M.
GAZETTEER