3 See Romila Thapar, A History of India. I (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1966),
pp. 229–34 for description of Mahmu ̄d’s campaigns.
4 Juan Campo in conversation.
5 Cited by Sheldon Pollock “Ra ̄ma ̄yana and Political Imagination in India” in The
Journal of Asian Studies. Vol. 52 No.2 (May, 1993), p. 286.
6 Thapar, op. cit., p. 238.
7 Ibid.: 274.
8 R. L. Hangloo in conversation.
9 Thapar, op. cit., p. 282.
10 Robert E. Frykenberg, “Administrative System in Muslim India” in Joe Elder,
ed.,Lectures in Indian Civilization(Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.,
1970), p. 138.
11 For a description of the Mughal period, see, for example, Stanley Wolpert,
A New History of India(New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), chapters
9–12.
12 Frykenberg, op. cit., p. 138.
13 Esposito, op. cit., pp. 73–74.
14 Ibid.: 46.
15 For discussion of the Ahmadiyah movement, see Spencer Lavan, The Ahmadiyah
Movement: A History and Perspectives(Delhi: Manohar, 1974).
16 John A. Williams, “Islamic Doctrine, Thought, Law” in Elder, op. cit., p. 132.
17 Esposito, op. cit., pp. 47–48.
18 Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi, A History of Sufism in India(New Delhi: Munshiram
Manoharlal Publishers, 1986). Rizvi’s two-volume work is an excellent treatment
of Su ̄fı ̄sm in India.
19 Ibid.: 32ff.
20 See, for example, R. L. Hangloo, “Sufism in Medieval Deccan: Politics and
Worship.” Presidential address for Andhra Pradesh History Congress (January,
2000).
21 R. L. Hangloo in conversation.
22 R. L. Hangloo, lecture (August, 1999).
23 Rizvi, op. cit., pp. 322ff.
7 Developments in the Late Medieval Period
1 Sheldon Pollock, “Ra ̄ma ̄yana and Political Imagination in India” The Journal of
Asian Studies. Vol. 52 No. 2 (May 1993), p. 286.
2 See Burton Stein, Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India(Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 1980), pp. 266ff. for fuller discussion of the Vijayanagara
dynasty.
3 A. K. Warder, “Classical Literature” in A. L. Basham, ed., The Cultural History of
India(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975), p. 194.
4 Stein, op. cit., pp. 366ff.
5 For fuller discussion of the Mara ̄tha ̄s, see Stanley Wolpert, A New History of India
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), pp. 170ff.
6 Yeshi Sel, “Problems in Recapturing Mı ̄ra ̄baı ̄.” Unpublished M.Phil. thesis.
University of Hyderabad, History Department, 1996, p. 43.
7 Robert E. Frykenberg, “Administrative System in Muslim India” in Joe Elder,Notes 267