Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

this last fact he concluded that the long-dead inhabitants of these structures were confi dent in their security, and he spec- u ...

their father, were patrons of the arts, but this was not enough to protect them from popular ill will, and Hipparchus was murder ...

Athenian democracy was not undone for long, however, nor was Athenian power at a permanent end in the Aegean. Th e Th irty Tyran ...

son, Cassander. Th is so-called Lamian War can be seen as the last event of the Classical Period of Greek history, the last act ...

Ancus Marcius was Sabine by ancestry, and his successor, Tarquinius Priscus, also called Tarquin I (r. 616–578 b.c.e.), was Etru ...

had won signifi cant victories in the Near East and had added Syria to Rome’s domains. In 62 b.c.e. he entered into a contest fo ...

ADOPTIVE EMPERORS (96–197 C.E.) Th e Adoptive Emperors Era was one in which the Roman emperors rejected the idea of emperors bei ...

Germanic tribes that wanted to loot Gaul. Aft er about four years of war, Tetricus’s reign was ended in a battle in northern Gau ...

they were defeated in battle by Honoriuss regent Stilicho. Honorius ruled the western empire while his brother Arca- dius (r. 38 ...

of earthen mounds, interregional exchange, and artistic development clustered loosely affi liated villages under an umbrella of ...

rose and became an immense city. Its early growth was rapid, tied to advances in irrigation agriculture, and by the second centu ...

In early Classic times population growth continued, and competition among neighboring centers increased. Concen- trated urban de ...

that the spread of Chavín art was a refl ection of the expan- sion of a religious cult. Moche is the name given to the site, riv ...

us. Th en the prophets and the major priests entered into the temple, that they might perform every rite of his purifi cation an ...

FURTHER READING John Baines and Jaromír Malék, Atlas of Ancient Egypt (New York: Facts On File, 1980). Stanley Mayer Burstein, e ...

Serge Lancel, Carthage: A History, trans. Antonia Nevill (Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell, 1995). Bill Manley, Th e Penguin Historical A ...

of vessels and utensils for cooking might have been done by either gender, with actual preparation of meals at the base camp bei ...

the unit deben, a little over 3 ounces of copper, was used as a general value for many items. Most of the available information ...

ter supply to their fi elds. Th is meant building irrigation dikes, ditches, and canals to draw water from the two main rivers o ...

much more is known about China and India for millennia before the Common Era began. By late in the third millennium and into the ...