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52 CHAPTER 3 (a) (b) (c) Fig. 3.4Electron micrographs of hyphae of Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsiiprepared by freeze substitution. ...

usually leads to rapid death of the fused hyphal compartments – a reaction governed by hetero- karyon incompatibility (het) loci ...

by light microscopy. Most yeasts divide by budding from one or more locations on the cell surface. During this process a small o ...

exponentially growing cultures (where one cell produces two in a unit of time, two produce four in the next unit of time, and so ...

residues (Chapter 7), whereas the fungal glucans are branched polymers, consisting mainly of β-1,3-linked backbones with short β ...

where the host fungi produce an extracellular poly- saccharide (Chapter 12). In fact, the production of an extracellular matrix ...

complex fruiting body, such as a mushroom. This enables the mass redistribution of materials necessary to fuel the development o ...

synthesize sterols from nonsterol precursors and instead need to be supplied with sterols from the host. Ergosterol is the prima ...

are self-assembling aggregates of the enzyme chitin synthase, each particle containing sufficient enzyme molecules to produce, a ...

cell membrane might be achieved by an active process of endocytosis– the converse of exocytosis, which is widely recognized to o ...

membrane. It then seems to be internalized by an active process, because it cannot passively cross the inner leaf of the plasma ...

Fig. 3.16(a–d) Dye labeling (FM4-64) of the cytoplasmic membrane and Spitzenkörper of different fungi, including Ascomycota (Neu ...

Vesicle trafficking Endocytosis Exocytosis SSPK SPK ER G M V E Membrane Cell wall Fig. 3.18Hypothetical model of the organizatio ...

FUNGAL STRUCTURE AND ULTRASTRUCTURE 65 molecule of a sister protein ββ-tubulinto form a dimer; then the dimers polymerize to for ...

freeze-substitution. Journal of Ultrastructural Research 66 , 224 –234. Hunsley, D. & Burnett, J.H. (1970) The ultrastructur ...

Chapter 4 Fungal growth The key to the fungal hypha lies in the tip (Noel Robertson) This chapter is divided into the following ...

68 CHAPTER 4 Early experiments on the mechanism of apical growth in fungi Robertson (1958, 1959) did many of the key early exper ...

FUNGAL GROWTH 69 apex. If the tip readjusts to the new osmotic conditions in time it can grow on, but now from a thinner region ...

Fig. 4.5Diagram of some components of wall synthesis at the hyphal tip. Vesicles are thought to deliver the main wall- synthetic ...

FUNGAL GROWTH 71 around a chitosome is not a phospholipid membrane, so chitosomes might be packaged within phospho- lipid membra ...