Biological Physics: Energy, Information, Life

6.4. The Second Law[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] 185 tem energyEtotequals the sum ofEkin,plus the potential energy store ...

186 Chapter 6. Entropy, temperature, and free energy[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] external energy supply (and a heat sin ...

6.5. Open systems[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] 187 Reviewing the algebra in the Example on page 184, we then see that th ...

188 Chapter 6. Entropy, temperature, and free energy[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] where the notation means that the deri ...

6.5. Open systems[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] 189 Equation 6.17 makes precise how hard it’s willing to push. Equation 6 ...

190 Chapter 6. Entropy, temperature, and free energy[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] areaA subsystem a subsystem B T L w 1 ...

6.5. Open systems[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] 191 expanded compressed heat (at lower temperature) mechanical work heat ...

192 Chapter 6. Entropy, temperature, and free energy[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] The engine did workWon its power strok ...

6.6. Microscopic systems[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] 193 B a Figure 6.7:(Schematic.) A small subsystem “a” is in therma ...

194 Chapter 6. Entropy, temperature, and free energy[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] Two-state systems Here’s an immediate ...

6.6. Microscopic systems[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] 195 Figure 6.8:(Metaphor.) Where the buffalo hop. [Cartoon by Larr ...

196 Chapter 6. Entropy, temperature, and free energy[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] is thatk+/k-=e∆E/kBT. Section 6.7 will ...

6.6. Microscopic systems[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] 197 proceed spontaneously at a negligible rate, due to their high ...

198 Chapter 6. Entropy, temperature, and free energy[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] Your Turn 6g Following the steps in Se ...

6.7. Excursion: “RNA folding as a two-state system” by J. Liphardt, I. Tinoco, Jr., and C. Bustamante Though the system is in eq ...

200 Chapter 6. Entropy, temperature, and free energy[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] actuator bead trap bead laser trap act ...

6.7. RNA folding as a two-state system[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] 201 14.0 pN 20 nm 1 s 13.6 pN 15.2 pN 14.6 pN 14.2 p ...

202 Chapter 6. Entropy, temperature, and free energy[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] extended unfolded form and less time i ...

Key formulas[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] 203 ofMletters isI=Nlog 2 Mbits (Equation 6.1). Foravery long message whose ...

204 Chapter 6. Entropy, temperature, and free energy[[Student version, January 17, 2003]] Free energy: Consider a small system ...