Heterocyclic Chemistry at a Glance
Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry 25 Stannane couplings (Stille reaction) Couplings with HetSnR 3 are particularly useful in c ...
26 Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry Acetylene couplings (Sonogashira reaction) The Sonogashira reaction, which involves in si ...
Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry 27 It is also possible to use an organometallic, giving a ketone, but careful choice of part ...
28 Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry Mechanisms of palladium(0)-catalysed processes None of the palladium(0)-catalysed transfo ...
Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry 29 Finally, reductive elimination forms the carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond and elim ...
30 Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry the conditions for electrophilic palladation are not compatible with the other coupling p ...
Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry 31 Selectivity Achieving a selective coupling reaction involving just one particular halogen ...
32 Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry in the presence of a base. The difference in requirements is such that highly selective c ...
Heterocyclic Chemistry at a Glance, Second Edition. John A. Joule and Keith Mills. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published ...
34 Pyridines Electrophilic substitution at carbon The electronic structure of pyridine (page 5) involves mesomeric transfer of e ...
Pyridines 35 In contrast to what has been explained above, the presence of activating (electron-releasing) substituents such as ...
36 Pyridines Substitution of leaving groups Nucleophilic displacement of good leaving groups such as a halide (as opposed to hyd ...
Pyridines 37 We give two more illustrations of the utility of dihydropyridines formed by nucleophilic addition to pyridinium sal ...
38 Pyridines However, more use has been made of halogen exchange reactions for the generation of pyridine organometallic nucle- ...
Pyridines 39 Palladium(0)-catalysed reactions Extensive use has been made of palladium(0)-catalysed cross-couplings using halopy ...
40 Pyridines Sodium borohydride in a protic solvent reduces pyridinium salts to a tetrahydropyridine oxidation level, via an ena ...
Pyridines 41 Side-chain deprotonation (and thence reaction) of picolinium salts requires considerably milder base catalysis. Pyr ...
42 Pyridines N-Oxides Pyridine N-oxides are very useful synthetic reagents, having an ambiphilic nature, that is they can react ...
Pyridines 43 Amine substituents All the amino-pyridines exist in the amino tautomeric form (not the alternative imine form) and ...
44 Pyridines Synthesis of pyridines from 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds (1,2- and 1,6-bonds made) An obvious route to a pyridine invol ...
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