Heterocyclic Chemistry at a Glance
Heterocycles with Ring-Junction Nitrogen (Bridgehead Nitrogen) 145 ‘Azaindolizines’ – indolizines containing additional nitrogen ...
146 Heterocycles with Ring-Junction Nitrogen (Bridgehead Nitrogen) Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines similarly undergo preferential lithia ...
Heterocycles with Ring-Junction Nitrogen (Bridgehead Nitrogen) 147 1,2,3-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and tetrazolopyridines are usu ...
148 Heterocycles with Ring-Junction Nitrogen (Bridgehead Nitrogen) Quinolizines are usually prepared via cyclisations of 2-subst ...
Heterocycles with Ring-Junction Nitrogen (Bridgehead Nitrogen) 149 isoelectronic analogue (2.2.2)azacyclazine both behave as aro ...
Heterocyclic Chemistry at a Glance, Second Edition. John A. Joule and Keith Mills. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published ...
Non-Aromatic Heterocycles 151 alcohols, thiols, hydride (LiAlH 4 ), malonate anions, and so on. The regiochemistry of nucleophil ...
152 Non-Aromatic Heterocycles Substituted derivatives of all three systems are able to undergo concerted thermal ring opening, g ...
Non-Aromatic Heterocycles 153 Four-membered rings Oxetane and azetidine are considerably less reactive towards ring-opening (str ...
154 Non-Aromatic Heterocycles 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran is an enol ether. It is widely used to protect alcohols, with which it reacts ...
Non-Aromatic Heterocycles 155 Ring synthesis From bifunctional acyclic precursors Five- and six-membered saturated rings can be ...
156 Non-Aromatic Heterocycles TheHofmann–Löffl er–Freytag reaction is a neat method for the synthesis of pyrrolidines and does n ...
Non-Aromatic Heterocycles 157 Cycloaddition reactions Many methods have been developed for -lactam synthesis, the most widely u ...
Heterocyclic Chemistry at a Glance, Second Edition. John A. Joule and Keith Mills. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published ...
Heterocycles in Nature 159 The (non-essential) amino acid proline is based on pyrrolidine. Hydroxyproline, which is synthesised ...
160 Heterocycles in Nature Niacin (vitamin B 3 ) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) Nicotinamide adenine di ...
Heterocycles in Nature 161 Pyridoxine (vitamin B 6 ) and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) Vitamin B 6 is transformed into pyridoxal pho ...
162 Heterocycles in Nature Aromatic thiophenes play no part in animal metabolism, however they do occur in some plants, in assoc ...
Heterocycles in Nature 163 All the tetrapyrrole pigments are biosynthesised by the combination of four molecules of porphobilino ...
164 Heterocycles in Nature DNA consists of two intertwining helices, each being a mixed polymer of nucleotides. Each of these po ...
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