PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IN BRIEF

CONTENTS [CONTENTS] 21 11.8.7 Nernst equation for a half-cell........................ 402 11.8.8 Electromotive force and electro ...

CONTENTS [CONTENTS] 22 12.2.5 Vibration................................... 424 12.2.6 Motion of electrons around the nucleus.... ...

CONTENTS [CONTENTS] 23 14 Dispersion systems 456 14.1 Basic classification.................................. 456 14.2 Properties ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 24 Chapter 1 Basic terms A good definition of basic terms is an essential prerequisite for the s ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 25 1.1.2 Closed system A chemical system exchanging energy but not matter with its surroundings ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 26 Solution If we are, from the thermodynamic point of view, interested solely in the liquid con ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 27 Obr.1.1:The volume of a system as an extensive quantity. The volumeV is the sum of the volume ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 28 1.3 Thermodynamic quantities. Observation of any system allows us to determine a number of it ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 29 1.4 The state of a system and its changes Any system may be in any moment characterized using ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 30 Note:If a system in the state of thermodynamic equilibrium occurs in an external force field, ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 31 1.4.4 Reversible and irreversible processes. The course of any process depends on the conditi ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 32 Name of the process Constant quantity Symbol Isothermal temperature [T] Isobaric pressure [p] ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 33 Example Let our system be a cube of ice with a mass of 1 g, and the initial state be a temper ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 34 1.5 Some basic and derived quantities 1.5.1 Massm U Main unit:kg. 1.5.2 Amount of substancen. ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 35 1.5.6 VolumeV U Main unit: m^3. Older units:litre (1 l = 1 dm^3 ). ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 36 1.6 Pure substance and mixture We speak about a pure substance (chemical individual) when onl ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 37 Example A binary mixture contains 4 moles of substance A and 6 moles of substance B. Express ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 38 The sum of mass fractions of all components equals one ∑k i=1 wi= 1. (1.9) We convert mole an ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 39 whereVi•andVm,i• are the volume and the molar volume of a pure substanceiin the same state of ...

CHAP. 1: BASIC TERMS [CONTENTS] 40 1.6.4 Amount-of-substance concentrationci. Definition ci=ni/V , (1.13) whereV is the total vo ...