PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IN BRIEF

CHAP. 2: STATE BEHAVIOUR [CONTENTS] 61 2.4.5 Equations of state for mixtures The state behaviour of mixtures can be described us ...

CHAP. 2: STATE BEHAVIOUR [CONTENTS] 62 2.4.6 Liquid and solid mixtures The volume or density of these mixtures can be estimated ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 63 Chapter 3 Fundamentals of thermodynamics 3.1 Basic postulates. Thermodynam ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 64 Example Let us consider two students and call one of them system A and the ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 65 Solution If the systemperformedwork, then, according to usage1.2,the workW ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 66 dS > ̄dQ T , [irreversible process]. (3.7) U Main unit:JK−^1 Entropy is ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 67 3.1.4.1 Impossibility to attain a temperature of 0 K The third law of ther ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 68 3.2 Definition of fundamental thermodynamic quantities T,p,V,n,U,Sas defin ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 69 Solution It follows from the definition (3.9) that ∆H= ∆U+ ∆(pV), where∆(p ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 70 Solution For an isothermal process we obtain from (3.12) ∆F= ∆U−∆(T S) = ∆ ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 71 The change in the Gibbs energy ∆Gduring a reversible isothermal and isobar ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 72 3.2.4 Heat capacities The heat capacityCfor a given process is defined by ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 73 Example A heat ofQ= 100 J was supplied to a system for isochoric heating o ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 74 3.2.5 Molar thermodynamic functions All the thermodynamic functions define ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 75 3.2.7 Fugacity coefficient The fugacity/pressure ratio is called thefugaci ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 76 Entropy represents an interesting case. The second law of thermodynamics d ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 77 3.3 Some properties of the total differential 3.3.1 Total differential Let ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 78 Solution By comparing with (3.23) we obtain M= ( ∂z ∂x ) y = 10xy^3 + 7 an ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 79 Solution It is rather difficult to express explicitly molar volume using t ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 80 Proof According to the equation of state for an ideal gas (2.15), pressure ...