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10 CHAPTER 157 Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy What would happen if your muscles no longer contracted? You couldn’t eat and digest ...
Body Fluids Water is 60% of adult body weight. However, water is 45% to 55% of an older adult’s body weight and as much as 70% t ...
weight of sodium is 23 milligrams. Therefore, 23 milligrams of sodium is meas- ured as 1 mmol of sodium. An electrolyte is store ...
osmolar. Hypo-osmolar might be caused by a fluid deficit. Hyper-osmolar might be caused by fluid excess. The concentration of so ...
Amino acids provide protein, calories, and fluid for the body. It is helpful for patients who are old and malnourished and for ...
A patient who weighs 70 kg has 2100 mL of water (70 kg ×30 mL/kg). In other words, a patient who weighs 150 lbs weighs 68 kg (15 ...
Risk for fluid volume deficit related to inadequate fluid intake. Altered tissue perfusion, related to decreased blood circulat ...
Weight (not increased). Skin turgor (normal). IV site (should not be red, swollen, hot or hard). IV patency (should be flowing ...
The nurse should monitor a patient for the signs and symptoms of hyper- kalemia. The more common of these are: Nausea. Cold ski ...
Diaphoresis. Dialysis. Increased insulin. Alkalosis. Stress (increases epinephrine). Starvation. Low potassium in diet. The pa ...
Caution: This deficit cannot be corrected rapidly. The infusion should not exceed 10 to 20 mEq per hour or the patient may exper ...
cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Potassium must be diluted in IV fluids as stated above. Don’t give potassium if the patient suffe ...
tremia. However, a patient whose consciousness is impaired or who cannot swallow, such as a frail elderly patient, is at risk fo ...
Read all labels on food products. Monitor his weight if cardiac patient by weighing daily. Look for signs of swollen feet (tigh ...
The nurse should monitor: Vital signs, Fluid intake and output, Serum sodium levels, Dietary sodium intake, Breath sounds and s ...
serum phosphorus increases. The level of calcium is regulated by the parathy- roid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and vitamin D. Low ...
Dairy products are the major source of dietary calcium. Eggs, green leafy vegetables, broccoli, legumes, nuts, and whole grains ...
Bone pain, Fractures (occur when calcium leaves the bone due to cancer, osteoporo- sis, and other disorders), Kidney stones, Hy ...
Hypomagnesium caused by alcoholism. Ingestion of phosphates. Inadequate intake of dietary calcium and/or Vitamin D. Patients w ...
Administer vitamin D. Have the patient undergo regular exercises to decrease bone loss. Patient education should include infor ...
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