CHINA
BURMA
LAOS
SIAM
CAMBODIA
VIETNAM
MALAYSIA
PHILIPPINES
CELEBES
LESSER SUNDA
ISLANDS
MOLUCCAS
NEW
GUINEA
PAPUA
GERMAN
NEW
GUINEA
Jakarta / Batavia
Banjarmasin
Singapore
Benkulen
Malacca
Penang
Penh
PhnomCochin
China
Saigon
Bangkok
Annam
Hue
Manila
Hong
Kong
South
China
Sea
Indian
Ocean
Pacific
Ocean
Gulf
of Siam
Hanoi
Mandalay Tonkin
BRITISH
NORTH
BORNEO
SARAWAK
JAVA
FORMOSA
(TAIWAN)
BORNEO
SUMATRA
INDONESIA
Map 3Nineteenth-century Southeast Asia (based on Dixon 1991: map 1.1)
Maps 411