600 miles
SWEDENSWEDEN
FINLANDFINLAND
SIBERIA
INDIA
CHINA
Tbilisi
Odessa
Merv
BukharaBukhara
Japan
Sea ofJapan
Arctic Ocean
Barents
Sea
Aral Sea
Black SeaBlack
Se
a
Caspian SeaCaspian Sea
WhiteWhiteSeaSea
Sea ofSea ofOkhotskO
khotsk HokaidoHokaido
KurilsKuril
s
AmurAmur
Gobi DesertGo
bi Des
ert
SamarkandSamarkand
Warsaw
Kiev KerchKerch
RUSSIARUSSIA
Moscow
Kazan
Nikopol
Crimea
Novocherkassk
RUSSIARUSSIA
Moscow
Kazan
Nikopol
Crimea
Novocherkassk
U
G
MANCHURIAMANCHURIA
ARAZ
TAJIKISTANTAJIKISTAN
ALTAI
KASHMIRKASHMIR
UZBEK
ISTAN
UZBEKISTA
N
TURKMENISTANTURKMENISTANAFGHANISTANAFGHANISTAN
POLANDPOLAND PERSIAPERSIA
Ba
lti
c^
Se
a
Russia in 1584Acquisitions by 1689Acquisitions by 1689
G - GeorgiaG - GeorgiaAR - ArmeniaAR - ArmeniaAZ - AzaerbaianAZ - AzaerbaianU - Ukraine
” ”
1725
” ”
1725
” ”
1796
” ”
1796
” ”
1855
” ”
1855
” ”
1914
” ”
1914
00
1000 km
SWEDEN
FINLAND
SIBERIA
INDIA
CHINA
Tbilisi
Odessa
Merv
Bukhara
Japan
Sea ofJapan
Arctic Ocean
Barents
Sea
Aral Sea
Black Sea
Caspian Sea
WhiteSea
Sea ofOkhotsk
Hokaido
Kurils
Amur
Gobi Desert
Samarkand
Warsaw
Kiev Kerch
RUSSIARUSSIA
Moscow
Kazan
St PetersburgSt Petersburg
Nikopol
Crimea
Novocherkassk
RUSSIA
Moscow
Kazan
St Petersburg
Nikopol
Crimea
Novocherkassk
U
G
MANCHURIA
ARAZ
TAJIKISTAN
ALTAI
KASHMIR
UZBEK
ISTAN
TURKMENISTANAFGHANISTAN
POLAND PERSIA
Ba
lti
c^
Se
a
Russia in 1584Acquisitions by 1689
G - GeorgiaAR - ArmeniaAZ - AzerbaijanU - Ukraine
” ”
1725
” ”
1796
” ”
1855
” ”
1914
00
1000 km
Map 4
The Russian Empire (based on Moore 1981: 70)
412 Maps