Statistical Analysis for Education and Psychology Researchers

Coding data After preliminary considerations you should decide how data will be coded so that it can be analyzed. The initial da ...

particular values of variables. A coding sheet to accompany the children’s reasoning ability data set is shown in Figure 3.1. It ...

Use of a dedicated (belonging to a particular statistical software programme) data entry programme to create a specially format ...

1–3. A blank column separates this variable from the second variable, ‘ageyrs’ which always occupies columns 5–6. The variable ‘ ...

that virtually any manipulation and analysis of data is possible thereby making the SAS system a very flexible and powerful data ...

was then re-entered and saved as child2.dat. Both ASCII data sets as entered are shown below: Data:child1.dat Data:child2.dat 00 ...

should not be included in your programme (although there is a screen option to turn line numbers on—type ‘nums on’ on the comman ...

0005 NOTE: AUTOEXEC processing beginning; ‘file is C:\SASWIN\AUTOEXEC.SAS. 0006 0007 NOTE: Libref MYLIB was successfully assigne ...

0047 12 run; 0048 NOTE: The PROCEDURE COMPARE used 0.66 seconds. Figure 3.4: Log file for the PROC COMPARE programme 0001 PROC C ...

Here SAS is saying that the data file ‘child1.day’ does not exist on a:. When entering the programme the name of the data file w ...

space for character values. These are the default missing data codes in SAS. Most statistical analysis packages allow you to spe ...

0001 options nodate nonumber; 0002 data child1; 0003 infile 'a:child1.dat'; 0004 input caseid 1–3 ageyrs 5–6 sex 8 ses 10 raven ...

0001 options nodate nonumber; 0002 data child1; 0003 infile 'acchild1.dat'; 0004 input caseid 1–3 ageyrs 5–6 sex 8 ses 10 raven ...

all levels of the suspect variable against other variables of interest. Initially it may be more informative to examine the pres ...

5 Rather sophisticated and generally not necessary. It makes use of the iterative two-step, expectation, maximization (E-M) algo ...

Displaying Data Distributions Charts, data plots and tables are the most common ways of displaying data. Charts and data plots i ...

frequency tables, stem and leaf plots, histograms, box and whisker plots and scatter plots are most often used to display quanti ...

horizontal bar chart for the variable subject of study. These bar charts were produced by the following SAS code: proc chart; vb ...

Figure 3.10: Vertical and horizontal frequency bar charts Interpretation The frequencies of 114 first class honours graduates wh ...

the qualitative variable, NUMV or SUB. The number of graduates in each category is proportional to the height or length of the b ...