Statistical Analysis for Education and Psychology Researchers

the null hypothesis were true. Clearly, the consequences following a typical hypothesis test of the effectiveness of, for exampl ...

Consideration of the most appropriate test statistic: What aspect of the data am I interested in—mean, proportion, relationshi ...

Chapter 5 Choosing a Statistical Test Having completed initial data analysis (IDA) you may now want to consider inferential stat ...

probability. Probability theory is central to statistical inference and statistical tests because it enables the effect of chanc ...

extensive and the stronger the assumptions, the more powerful the statistical test. That is, the test is more likely to detect a ...

One purpose of IDA is, as Chatfield (1993) comments, ‘to help you do a “proper” analysis “properly”’ (p. 46). Even if a possible ...

independent samples when sample sizes are small, unequal and there are outlier observations. Another problem is performing stati ...

the distributions continuous, for example, normal, bivariate normal with inferences based on the normal distribution? These thre ...

between X and Y in the population can be described by two parameters: beta(0), (β 0 ) the intercept (value of Y when X=0) and be ...

not a measure of any difference, between the two occasions. The null hypothesis tested by the sign test is that the median diffe ...

or more groups) are independent and interest is focused on association between different samples (groups) then an extension of t ...

distributions, for example, binomial and χ^2 distributions. The remaining chapters in this book introduce various statistical te ...

relating to ranked data. The three types of data distributions, binomial/nominal, rank and continuous normal correspond to three ...

Multiple Samples (groups) More than 1 independent variable (factors) Research Q: Differences between groups (class variable is d ...

The study is designed to investigate differences in self-concept in mathematics (MSC) vs verbal self-concept (VSC) so there are ...

Using Confidence Intervals for Significance Testing In a typical between-subjects design to see whether there is any difference ...

choose alpha, your cut-off significance level at p≤ 0.05. Even if there was in reality no difference between two treatment group ...

The relationship between the chosen significance level alpha (usually p≤0.05 or p≤0.001), the effect size, statistical power and ...

freedom which are associated with smaller critical test statistic values for attaining a specified level of statistical signific ...

pooledstandard deviation—52 where and are the sample variances, and n 1 and n 2 are the respective sample sizes. For worked exam ...