Introductory Biostatistics
eij¼ncppijij ¼ xiþxþj n ¼ ðrow totalÞðcolumn totalÞ sample size Thefeijgare calledestimated expected frequencies, the frequencie ...
e 11 ¼ ð 333 Þð 772 Þ 1783 ¼ 144 : 18 e 12 ¼ 333 144 : 18 ¼ 188 : 82 e 21 ¼ 772 144 : 18 ¼ 627 : 82 e 22 ¼ 1011 188 : 82 ¼ ...
The result indicates a high correlation between education levels and preferences about smoking in public places (p¼ 0 :001). Not ...
lem, we have k independent samples of binary data ðn 1 ;x 1 Þ;ðn 2 ;x 2 Þ;...; ðnk;xkÞ, where then’s are sample sizes and thex’s ...
co¤ee, tobacco, and alcohol. Study subjects consist of 188 women in the San Francisco Bay area with epithelial ovarian cancers d ...
6.6 FISHER’S EXACT TEST Even with a continuity correction, the goodness-of-fit test statistic such as Pearson’sX^2 is not suitab ...
equals 0, 1, and 2 (observed value; the probabilities for these tables are 0.017, 0.105, and 0.252, respectively). Note:An SAS p ...
then standardize it to obtain z¼ SmS sD wheremS¼0 is the mean ofSunder the null hypothesis and sS¼ AB 3 NðN 1 Þ ðN^3 n 13 n^ ...
In addition, we have A¼ 350 B¼ 390 n 1 ¼ 130 n 2 ¼ 335 n 3 ¼ 235 n 4 ¼ 40 N¼ 740 Substituting these values into the equations of ...
None: 75 75 þ 65 ¼54% Minor: 160 160 þ 175 ¼48% Major: 100 100 þ 135 ¼43% Death: 15 15 þ 25 ¼38% The method introduced in this s ...
S¼ 20 ; 911 15 ; 922 ¼ 4989 sS¼ ð 175 Þð 303 Þ ð 3 Þð 478 Þð 477 Þ ð 4783 313 473 1093 1783 1133 Þ 1 = 2 ¼ 2794 : ...
determined (Table E6.2). Use McNemar’s chi-square test to investigate the significance of the association between estrogen use a ...
6.5 A matched case–control study on endometrial cancer, where the expo- sure was ‘‘ever having taken any estrogen,’’ yields the ...
Of the 180 left-handed students, 93 reported at least one injury. In the same period, 619 of the 1716 right-handed students repo ...
6.12 Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) or ‘‘shipyard eye’’ is an acute infectious disease of the eye. A case of EKC is defined ...
of 793 people involved in bicycle accidents during a one-year period (Table E6.14). Test to compare the proportions with head in ...
6.17 A research report states that ‘‘a comparison of 90 normal patients with 10 patients with hypotension shows that only 3.3% o ...
tabulated separately for males and females in Table E6.20 (‘‘low’’ means below the median). Test to investigate the relationship ...
among men, and the risk factor was alcohol consumption. Use the Mantel–Haenszel procedure to compare the cases versus the contro ...
Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (Table E6.25). For each of the three criteria (smoking, alcohol, and body mass index), test, at the 5% ...
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