100 QUESTIONS IN CARDIOLOGY

38 Are there benefits to switching from sulphonylureas to insulin after coronary artery bypass grafting? Jonathan Unsworth-White ...

FFuurrtthheerr rreeaaddiinngg Brady PA, Terzic A. The sulphonylurea controversy: more questions from the heart.J Am Coll Cardiol ...

39 How does recent myocardial infarction affect the perioperative risks of coronary artery bypass grafting? Jonathan Unsworth-Wh ...

to occurrence of and time since a previous myocardial infarction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997; 4455 : 109–13. 2 Braxton JH, Ha ...

40 How soon before cardiac surgery should aspirin be stopped? Jonathan Unsworth-White Aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet fun ...

41 When should we operate to relieve mitral regurgitation? Tom Treasure There are three circumstances when surgery is required f ...

FFuurrtthheerr rreeaaddiinngg Schlant RC. Timing of surgery for nonischemic severe mitral re- gurgitation. Circulation1999; 9999 ...

42 When to repair the mitral valve? Robin Kanagasabay Mitral valve repair has been popularised by Carpentier and others and now ...

Normal leaflet motion (Carpentier type I) In some patients annular dilatation contributes to mitral re- gurgitation and requires ...

3 Lee EM, Shapiro LM, Wells FC. Superiority of mitral valve repair in surgery for degenerative mitral regurgitation. Eur Heart J ...

43 What is the Ross procedure? When is it indicated and what are the advantages? R Cesnjevar and Victor T Tsang What is the Ross ...

after the Ross procedure. More than 90% of all patients are free of any complications (death, degeneration, valve failure, endo- ...

44 What is the risk of stroke each year after a) tissue or b) mechanical MVR or AVR? What is the annual risk of bacterial endoca ...

45 When and how should a ventricular septal defect be closed in adults? Seamus Cullen Indications for surgical closure of a vent ...

growing experience of transcatheter device closure of such defects which avoids the need for cardiopulmonary bypass. In summary, ...

46 How should I treat atrial septal defects in adults? Seamus Cullen A significant secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) will resu ...

general anaesthesia with plans to proceed to device closure if the defect is suitable. Transoesophageal echocardiography is inva ...

47 How do I follow up a patient who has had correction of aortic coarctation? What should I look for and how should they be mana ...

amenable to medical therapy, e.g. beta blockers providing aortic obstruction has been ruled out. Finally, patients who have had ...

48 How should I investigate a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)? Krishna Prasad The first step in the investigation ...