Chemistry - A Molecular Science
Chapter 8 Solid Materials 8.12 EXERCISES What is a unit cell? 2.^ How many unit cells are shown in Figure 8.15a? How many uni ...
Chapter 8 Solid Materials 18. KF crystallizes in the sodium chloride structure with a 5.39 Å unit cell edge. Calculate the densi ...
Chapter 8 Solid Materials © by North Carolina State University ...
Chapter 9 Reaction Energetics 9.0 Introduction 9.7 Free Energy and Reaction Spontaneity 9.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics 9.8 ...
Chapter 9 Reaction Energetics 9.1 THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Thermodynamics is similar to bookkeeping. In thermodynamics th ...
energy can neither be created nor destroyed, then the energy of the thermodynamic universe must remain constant. Conseque ntly, ...
Chapter 9 Reaction Energetics Example 9.1 What is the energy change of a system that absorbs 500 J of heat and does 300 J of wor ...
(^) • The standard state of a pure subs tance is its most stable form at 1 atm pressure and the specified temperature. Unless in ...
Chapter 9 Reaction Energetics Reversing the direction of a reaction ch• anges the sign of the enthalpy of reaction. H O(s) 2 → H ...
heat required to raise the te mperature of one gram of H O by 1 2 oC. 1 cal = 4.18 J. However, a dietary calorie, which appears ...
Chapter 9 Reaction Energetics b) H COH(g) + HF(g) 3 → H CF(g) + HOH(g) 3 First, draw the Lewis structures. Examination of the Le ...
this second factor by considering how molecules move. The motion of molecules is a combination of three different types of movem ...
Chapter 9 Reaction Energetics of translational freedom of motion as it flies through its container, but the translational motion ...
Example 9.4 Predict which system of molecules in each pair has the greater entropy. (a) (b) Four atoms can distribute energy in ...
Chapter 9 Reaction Energetics The number of ways in which a system can distribute its energy increases with the amount of energy ...
Example 9.5 Predict the sign of ΔS o for each of the following processes: a) H (g) + I 2 (g) 2 → 2HI(g) There are 2 moles of gas ...
Chapter 9 Reaction Energetics 9.6 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS We now combine S and Δ H into one thermodynamic property that ...
9.7 FREE ENERGY AND REACTION SPONTANEITY The second law allows us to predict the spontaneity of a reaction from the sign of SΔ u ...
Chapter 9 Reaction Energetics The free energy that is released during a reaction (- G) is free to do work, so work can be Δ extr ...
process is spontaneous in the reverse direction at standard conditions. Equilibrium in this case is attained when P PA , so th ...
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