Encyclopedia of Religion

ry to becoming a Buddha, was now used to refer to all reli- gious practitioners who, unlike H ̄ınaya ̄na devotees, aspired to re ...

The evidence from these su ̄ tras suggests that the rela- tionship between Maha ̄ya ̄na Buddhism and stupa worship was very clos ...

SUBALTERN STUDIES. What does it mean when a peasant resistance movement and a religious movement are one and the same phenomenon ...

damental transformations of mentality.” She also noted that Subaltern Studies must trace the origins of such transforma- tions i ...

(Rabasa, 2000; Rafael, 1998), and the interactions of Chris- tianity with indigenous traditions in India (Dube, 1998; Clarke, 19 ...

Chatterjee, Partha. “Peasants, Politics, and Historiography: A Re- sponse.” Social Scientist 11.5 (1983): 58–65. Clarke, Sathian ...

After his arrival in Chang’an, the emperor Xuanzong (r. 713–756) lodged S ́ubha ̄karasm:ha in the Ximing Temple. There, S ́ubha ...

In a brief review of some of the Jewish explanations for the fact of suffering, two categories emerge. The first attri- butes su ...

fering.” But the two knew that, from the day he was born to this day, Rabbi Zusya’s life had been a web of need and anguish. The ...

Explicit both in the New Testament and in other Chris- tian literature is the secondary understanding that suffering may serve a ...

up to die is no other than the preexistent Son of God” (Phil. 2:6ff., 2 Cor. 8:9, Rom. 15:3). According to Bultmann, the incarna ...

The response to suffering that Islam advises is a complex one and is essentially different from either the Jewish or Christian v ...

and 82); whatever he wills comes to be (2:142; 3:47; 3:129; 5:40; 13:27). Servants of God are enjoined to embrace his will, not ...

tion movements designed to overthrow irreligious politi- cians. In Socratic fashion, H:asan preferred to work for the ruler’s ch ...

A pivotal aspect of Dhu ̄ al-Nu ̄ n’s mysticism is the coin- cidentia oppositorum, the “conjunction of opposites.” The God who p ...

creation. Al-H:alla ̄j’s expressions of ecstasy, on the contrary, are part of a tradition whose main goal was to celebrate the t ...

tension of opposites in God. He links Ibl ̄ıs with Muh:ammad, claiming that both are but different aspects of the same divine re ...

hood was only the first level of prophethood. While the prophet was impeccable from birth, the saint was only pro- tected (mah:f ...

to calculate. In the history of Sufism, however, he is especial- ly remembered for having contributed substantially to the ac- c ...

tination to that between good and evil. And he reflects an attitude toward ethics that is characteristic of many of the ecstatic ...