Encyclopedia of Religion

The far more serious level on which the fable operates is that of an elaborate analysis of the S:u ̄f ̄ı path. Asceticism, illum ...

vivifier of religion”). Eventually he came to be known under the name Muh:y ̄ı al-D ̄ın ibn EArab ̄ı. While still a child, Ibn E ...

followers, the goal is not primarily love but wisdom, to move from the illusion of plurality to the gnostic insight that one has ...

a spiritual genealogy, not necessarily an actual attitude to- ward mystical experience. The members of the Bist:a ̄m ̄ı branch a ...

hoods. There are, however, some areas of commonality. The full members of the fraternities committed themselves in obedience to ...

his lifetime; rather, it was his son, Sult:a ̄n Walad, who took upon himself the task of organizing the order. The Mawlaw ̄ıyah ...

Alla ̄h’s H:ikam has a place of honor in Islamic spirituality equal to that of Loyola’s Spiritual Exercises in Christianity. The ...

figures of the classical period. Classical S:u ̄f ̄ı literature sur- vives because it still has the ability to touch the spirits ...

Abu al-H:asan al-Hujw ̄ır ̄ı (d. 1079) identified three types of companionship that he considered inseparable and interconnected ...

ligence and esoteric orientation, antagonized the orthodox jurists at Malik Z:a ̄hir’s court, who declared Suhraward ̄ı to be a ...

ca et Mystica, vol. 3, edited with an introduction by S. H. Nasr (Istanbul, 1970). See also S. H. Nasr, “Suhraward ̄ı: The Maste ...

toward suicide. Socrates himself chose to drink the hemlock, but he also affirmed the Orphic notions that humans are placed in a ...

convictions and ideals, deaths that in the latter case the tradi- tion judges to be acts of martyrdom. Certainly the deaths at M ...

a translation of this play (Muhammedan Festivals, edited by G. E. von Grunebaum, New York, 1951) Husayn says: “Dear Grandfather ...

ing religiously motivated suicide. Gautama Buddha, in his personal search for salvation, deliberately chose against the practice ...

A Study of Suicide (London, 1971). He includes personal re- flections on his own suicide attempt, and describes his friendship w ...

THE SUKKAH. The main symbol of the festival is a hut, hav- ing at least three walls, no roof, but covered with leaves or straw. ...

The Hopi Indians claim that they made their sun themselves, by throwing into the sky a shield made of buckskin together with a f ...

ing a sun amulet, waiting for the summer sunrise at Stonehenge. A spectacular object confirming northern sun worship is the famo ...

was probably an ancient sky god, seen as a soaring bird who was manifest in the sun itself; he was known as Re-Harakhty, the god ...