Encyclopedia of Religion

BIBLIOGRAPHY Theoretical studies Berner, Ulrich. Untersuchungen zur Verwendung des Synkretismus- Begriffes. Göttingen, Germany, ...

the faithful of the ancient Antiochian Patriarchate (located mostly in the Hellenized urban areas) accepted Chalcedon. They even ...

them into the Catholic Church. The Catholic group chose Bishop Andrew Akhijan as its patriarch in 1662, but he had no successor ...

tion. In addition a direct bilateral theological dialogue be- tween the Catholic Church and the Malankara Syrian Orthodox Church ...

CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT CORNER. The Golden Pavilion, or Kinkakuji, in Kyoto, Japan. [©Dallas and John Heaton/Corbis]; Thor’s ham ...

QurDa ̄n, presented in sequence following the text of scrip- ture. Some 35,000 traditions (with a significant degree of du- plic ...

Al-T:abar ̄ı is considered a master of historical writing and of tafs ̄ır, and in subsequent generations he was seen as the most ...

Al-M ̄ıza ̄n appeared at a time when standards of scholarship in Sh ̄ıE ̄ı seminaries were determined by the discipline of ju- r ...

TABERNACLES, FEAST OF SEE SUKKOT TABOO is a social prohibition or restriction sanctioned by suprasocietal (innate) means or a so ...

Early anthropologists deemed taboo noteworthy, for it marked the point where a religious idea (mana) affected the norms and regu ...

names of, the deceased, through those on the use of the house or property of the deceased, to severe injunctions of seclusion (f ...

for most technical terms involved in Muslim exegesis have been derived and adapted either from the field of rhetoric or from the ...

then continuing organically from that point forward; the ear- liest material has thus become known as tafs ̄ır al-nab ̄ı (“the i ...

(e.g., attention to the convergent lines of transmission of a text) also suggest this as the earliest verifiable period. The eme ...

nological differentiation of the z:a ̄hir as historia, “literal,” and the ba ̄t:in as allegoria, “symbolic,” the S:u ̄f ̄ı tafs ...

QurDa ̄n; qis:as: al-anbiya ̄D, the stories of the prophets; and iEja ̄z, the inimitability of the QurDa ̄n. As these topics ind ...

sciousness. Another prominent S:u ̄f ̄ı, Abu ̄ H:am ̄ıd al-Ghaza ̄l ̄ı (d. 1111), did not write a commentary on the QurDa ̄n as ...

in the present situation Muslims were only reclaiming what was truly Islamic. A more distinctive trend in tafs ̄ır emerges also, ...

cussion frequently tends to revolve around the sense of a given Arabic word or grammatical construction; Bayd:a ̄w ̄ı’s Commenta ...

fluence on Tagore’s spiritual ideals. Called by some the “greatest of the Bau ̄ ls,” Tagore was a key figure in the popu- lariza ...