Encyclopedia of Religion

Yadavaprakasa. Rules and Regulations of Brahmanical Asceticism: Yatidharmasamuccaya of Yadava Prakasa. Albany, N.Y., 1995. DAVID ...

context, see Azim Nanji’s The Niza ̄r ̄ı Isma ̄! ̄ıl ̄ı Tradition in the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent (Delmar, N. Y., 1978). JAMES ...

cult of Ta ̄ra ̄ that gives both textual and practical examples of Ta ̄ra ̄ worship and the way in which the divine power of Ta ...

through familial and communal ritual. Every town stages an annual fiesta for its patron saint; most towns organize four to six s ...

TARASIOS (c. 730–806), patriarch of Constantinople from 784 to 806. Tarasios was born to a prominent family in Constantinople. H ...

A number of these t:ar ̄ıqah brotherhoods date their de- velopment into formal institutions to the twelfth and thir- teenth cent ...

ly accepted among the t:ar ̄ıqahs, though many S:u ̄f ̄ı manuals defend it when properly regulated. Some orders also hold commun ...

God) was added the component of initiation into a source of spiritual insight and power that extended over generations. Most S:u ...

groups of specialists and refer to them in case of difficulties. Tradition and law are the basis for their lives, including both ...

EAbd al-Qa ̄dir al-J ̄ıla ̄n ̄ı (1088–1166) from the region of G ̄ıla ̄n near the Caspian Sea in Iran as its founder, tracing it ...

into the order. The Mevlevi order promoted calligraphy and Persian literature, though it operated almost exclusively in Turkish- ...

meet with the ruler of Herat, MuEizz al-D ̄ın H:usayn, to whom he taught the Naqshband ̄ı principles. His tomb, sur- rounded by ...

favid domain in 1512. Though the Safavid house intermar- ried with NiEmatulla ̄h ̄ıs, the order lost favor under Sha ̄h EAbba ̄s ...

TRADITION AND CHANGE. In spite of this political vitality, the influence of the t:ar ̄ıqahs was reduced to a minimum after the r ...

Westerners. The International Association of Sufism, a non- profit organization founded by Nahid Angha and Ali Kianfar in 1983, ...

Clarke, Peter B. West Africa and Islam: A Study of Religious Devel- opment from the Eighth to the Twentieth Century. London, 198 ...

Zarcone, Thierry, Ekrem I ̧sin, and Arthur Buehler, eds. Journal of the History of Sufism. Istanbul, 2000–. Vols. 1–2 cover the ...

persons taking up the bodhisattva path (all of whom would generate their own realm of buddha activity as fruition of that path), ...

(New York, 1987). For examples of early Buddhist and Therava ̄da ritualization of the Buddha’s nirva ̄n:a as presence and power ...

buried beneath a pauper’s house, like a tree-seed in its sheath, like a Buddha-image wrapped in a filthy cloth, like a world mon ...