Encyclopedia of Religion

CONCLUSION. Taken together historical and poststructural- ist approaches have had the singular effect of undermining the integri ...

Taussig, Michael T. Shamanism, Colonialism, and the Wild Man: A Study in Terror and Healing. Chicago, 1986. An explora- tion of ...

areas), which in many cases represent survivals of the pre- Conquest Andean religious world, represent a third source of documen ...

bolize rain. Gold was the symbol par excellence of the sun, and the robes of head shamans were covered with oscillating metal di ...

apus, the spirits of the mountains, and the spirits of the lakes, which, if they are not worshiped, make the waves rise de- stru ...

features (including special stones, hills, lakes, etc.), heavenly bodies, atmospheric phenomena, mummies, amulets, idols, and ev ...

The San Pedro cactus (Trichocereus pabhanoi) is a powerful hallucinogen used particularly on the Peruvian coast; it gives the cu ...

Pease, Franklin. El dios creador andino. Lima, 1973. Reinhard, Johan. “Chavín and Tiahuanaco: A New Look at Two Andean Ceremonia ...

(1997), Saignes (1999), Cussen (1999), Cummins (2002), Gose (2003), and Estenssoro Fuchs (2003, 1996). Evidence for the converge ...

one of these other regional ancestors and “creators,” a divine figure named Chinchaycama. He was revered by the Yunga people at ...

and space. Evidence of this prolific quality struck and clearly troubled Hernando de Santillán. He explained it to himself and h ...

an religious error through the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries (Mills, 1994; Mills, 1997). Spanish churchmen who were ...

Peter in the home of his standard’s honorary bearer. While the officiating Spanish judge and his notary insisted that the huaca ...

here also repays closer inspection. The image’s creator, the Jeronymite Diego de Ocaña, claimed to have rendered the image with ...

saints came to underpin local Andean Christianities. As dis- missive as the mestizo humanist El Inca Garcilaso de la Vega had fo ...

BIBLIOGRAPHY Acosta, José de. De Procuranda Indorum Salute (1588), edited by Luciano Pereña et al. Vol. 1: Pacificación y coloni ...

Millones, Luis, ed. El retorno de la huacas: Estudios y documentos sobre el Taqui Oncoy, siglo XVI. Lima, 1990. Mills, Kenneth. ...

Although some Andeans have moved to large urban centers, such as La Paz, Bolivia, and Lima, Peru, the majority live in small com ...

kinship terms—machula (“ancestor”), apu (“leader”), awqui (“grandfather”), and tío (“uncle”). In sum, mountains exhibit a hierar ...

sick and a supaya is implicated, sorcerers attempt to appease him by killing and substituting the life of a llama for that of th ...