Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes
tree crop species and selective tolerance of spontaneous regrowth, especially of useful species. Complex agroforests thus are th ...
this type of agroforest historically has preceded slash-and-burn agriculture in some regions. Some tree-dominated homegardens sh ...
of hectares and damar gardens cover about 50,000 ha on Sumatra. These agro- forests provide about 80 percent of the rubber, 95 p ...
Figure 10.2. Transect of a landscape at the border of Kerinci-Seblat National Park in S umatra (from Murniati et al. 2001, with ...
1986). In this volcanic region, the permanent soil cover by the agroforests on the mountain slopes is particularly important for ...
most of the staple food such as rice, maize, or cassava, whereas the latter pro- vides cash income (e.g., coffee, cocoa, rubber) ...
and Cedrela odoratafrom cocoa agroforests in Bahia, Brazil, have recently been sold for timber because of low cocoa prices (John ...
Cyclic Agroforests In some cyclic agroforests, the agroforest phase is a type of long-term, eco- nomically enriched fallow that ...
some years the farmers restrict weeding to circulation paths between the rub- ber trees and allow forest regrowth to develop in ...
dens were also replaced by coffee- and cinnamon-based systems in the 1970s because benzoin resin prices were low (Katz et al. 20 ...
agroforests. The dominant system is a cyclic one that starts with annual crops that are grown for about 2 years between new or r ...
Structure and Floral Composition of Agroforests Based on Canopy Trees Studies in Sumatra show that the vegetation structure of o ...
Figure 10.4. Structural profile of a 40- to 45-year-old jungle rubber plot in Muara Buat, Sumatra, based on a 50- by 20-m survey ...
(Lawrence 1996; Hardiwinoto et al. 1999), reflecting competition between the dominant rubber trees and other species for light a ...
richness. Their species richness also seems to be significantly lower than that of rubber agroforests despite the higher basal a ...
increasing distance from the homesteads, and mainly those occurring at greater distance from the villages are appropriately char ...
in primary forest. The same authors mention the presence of highly endangered wildlife such as rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatren ...
fewest forest specialists. The relative abundance of bird species associated with open woodlands and cultivated areas increased ...
are likely to be influenced by the small size of many agroforests, which are typ- ically embedded in a mosaic of slash-and-burn ...
trees that are not harmful to the crops, are difficult to fell, produce useful seeds, or have religious functions. This results ...
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