sustainability - SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1851 References Farrell, A.E.; Brandt, A.R. Risks of the oil transition.Environ. Res. Lett. 2006 , 1 , ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1852 Production is lightly taxed in California (e.g., no mineral severance tax), the reduction in Calif ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1853 Large amounts of data are available from theCalifornia Department of Conservation—Department of Oi ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 1854 Ayres, R.U.; Ayres, L.W.; Pokrovsky, V. On the efficiency of US electricity usage since 1900. Ener ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 , 2323 - 2338 ; doi:10.3390/su3 122323 sustainability ISSN 2071- 1050 http://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustai ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2324 Introduction In traditional economic analyses there are two types of profits and returns from eco ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2325 Figure 1. The Location of Daqing oil field. It is in the Hei Longjiang province and in the northeas ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2326 In the first phase (1960– 1976 ), crude oil production increased rapidly, to 37 1. 7 million barrel ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2327 Productivity = commodities output / human labor (or capital or resources or other) (^) (2) Energy p ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2328 records of energy consumption are kept, these data are expressed in terms of money, such as total c ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2329 economy. In the Chinese data, the sectors for extraction of petroleum and natural gas are categoriz ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2330 EROI of Daqing Oil Field 3.1. Boundary Selecting the appropriate boundaries for EROI analysis is ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2331 Figure 4. Energy output expressed as heat equivalent and quality-corrected heat equivalent. However ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2332 3.1.2. Direct Energy Inputs Direct input, is given in the Daqing oil field in physical units (ton o ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2333 (9)^ where refers to indirect energy input, and , respectively, represent total money input and dir ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2334 Figure 7. Total energy inputs (heat equivalent and quality-corrected heat equivalent). Figure 8. Co ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2335 Most often, an EROI analysis is determined by the data available. Since the Daqing oil field does n ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2336 The declining trend of the EROI of the Daqing oil field demonstrates that oil and gas extraction is ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2337 oil industry deeply. Hence, both continuously decreasing EROI and net energy output indicate that t ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2338 Cleveland, C.J.; Costanza, R.; Hall, C.A.S.; Kaufmann, R. Energy and the U.S. economy: A biophysi ...