sustainability - SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2437 where r 0 denotes the growth rate at early time, when f << 1 , and t 0 denotes the time when ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2438 Figure 3 below provides a schematic of this system. Here ER1 denotes the EROEI of the old primary s ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2439 Let us examine the behavior of this solution. Taking ER1 as a free parameter, at time long after to ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2440 The results show that if ER1 > ER2, then Etot will increase as the new energy source is taking o ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2441 a minimum of 40% (and could increase by as much as 400%) to provide a fixed net useful energy for h ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2442 Lund, P.D. Exploring past energy changes and their implications for the pace of penetration of new ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 , 2339-2357; doi:10.3390/su3122339 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 http://www.mdpi.com/journal ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2340 examined and actively pursued. However, there are highly divergent views on the constraints and op- ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2341 It is important to understand the ”structure” and time dependencies of the energy investments requi ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2342 2.1. The Role of Energy Density and the Power Density of Energy Conversion Table 1 compares the gra ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2343 Table 2.Power densities of alternative electricity supply infrastructures. Power Source Power Densi ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2344 steady state. Also, institutional arrangements were made which facilitated corresponding concentrat ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2345 scientific advances, technical innovations, and organizational changes. If any one element of this ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2346 Pnp is the nameplate power capacity of the infrastructural facility; ψ is the facility’s average l ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2347 The extent of upstream and downstream energy expenditures to emplace new infrastructure is not stan ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2348 4.2. Energy Payback Period A second figure of merit, the “energy payback period”,τ 1 , is used to c ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2349 The annual-average power available for societal use is related to installed nameplate power as: P(t ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2350 The initial boundary conditions (assuming steady state) are Pnp(t 0 ) =P 0 (12) C(t 0 ) =λ(1−h)ψβ q ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2351 and is the time interval it takes to accumulate the energy needed to double the emplaced infrastruc ...

Sustainability 2011 , 3 2352 5.1. The Importance of Up-Front (Emplacement) Energy Investment and Load Factor To meet rapid growt ...