440 index
labour
definition of, 46–47
as factor of production, 240–241
as factor of value, 280–281
Ja"afer al-Dìmashqìon, 256
price of, 279
Lakhmìds, 17, 18, 413
land cultivation. see alsoagriculture
land ownership. see also kharàj land;
Sawàfìland; ushr land
during Abbàsid caliphate, 149,
160–161, 185–190
Bàqir-al-Sadr on, 396–398
non-Muslims and, 152, 160–161,
186–187
of revived land, 188–189
during Umayyad caliphate, 149
land tax. see also kharàj; ushr land,
111–112, 176–190
languages. seeArabic language; English
language; French language; Greek
language; Hemitic language; Persian
language; Semitic language
law enforcement, 267–268
learning. seeeducation
leasing, 194–195, 333
Lebanon, 293
legacies, 78, 79
legal philosophy, 164–168
lending at interest. seeinterest; Ribà
LIBOR, 367–368, 404–405
Libya, 318
literature. see also Islamic economic
literature, 288
loan capital, 64
Loan Ribà. see Ribàal-Qur"àn
loans, 22–23, 26, 332, 386
London Inter Bank Offered Rate
(LIBOR), 367–368, 404–405
Ma"alim al-Qùfbah fiAœkàm al-Œisbah
(Ibn al-Ukhùwwah), 263–268
al-Ma"ari, Abù-al-Ala"(d. 1057 A.C.),
225
madaris, 414
madrasah, 414
maœabbat-el-kull, 306
al-Mahdi, AbùAbd Allàh Muœammad
(d. 785 A.C.), 132
al-Mahdì, Muœammad Ahmed (d. 1885
A.C.). seeMuœammad Ahmed
al-Mahdì(d. 1885 A.C.)
Mahdiyyah Movement, 318–319
Ma"in, 12, 414
maisir, 414
Majlisi, Muœammad Bàqir (d. 1700
A.C.), 304–305
Makkah
Abyssinian military expedition to, 13
besieging of, 127
as caravan centre, 14
as cultural centre, 20
economic development in, 19
financial situation of, 21–24
as religious centre, 2–3, 5, 19
resisting Islam, 31
Makkah, valley of, 2–3
Makkahns, 31, 101, 103
màl. see wealth, 414
Malaysia, 343–345
al-Malik al-Nàsir I flalah-al-Dìn Yùsuf
ibn-Ayyub (d. 1193 A.C.)(Saladin),
224
MàlikìSchool of Law, 167, 206, 414
Màlik-ibn-Anas (d. 795 A.C.), 167, 414
al-Ma"mùn ibn Hàrùn al-Rashìd
(d. 833 A.C.), 128, 162
Mannan, M. A., 372–373
al-Mansùr Abù(d.775 A.C.), 83, 136
Ma"rib, Dam of, 11, 15, 16, 17
Ma"ribeans, 11
maritime competition, 14
market equilibrium, 80
market forces. see also prices
Abù-Yùsuf on, 184
economic injustice, 271
equilibrium, 80
al-Ghazàlìon, 253
Ibn Taymìyah on, 269–273
state intervention, 83, 269–273, 375
market tax, 153
mark-up trading, 367–368, 404, 414
marriage, 240, 376
Martel, Charl (Charles), 129
martyrdom, 57
ma"rùf, 199, 260, 267, 412
Marxism, 393–394, 395–396
mass production, 281
al-Màwardì, Abùal-Hasan Ali
(d. 1058 A.C.)
the author, 233–234
al-Hàwi al-Kabìr, 233
on œisbah, 236–237, 261–262
Kitàb Al-Aœkàm al-Sùtàniyyah, 234–237
Kitàb Nasihat al-Mœùlk, 233
Qanùn al-Wazarah, 233
and the title of flulňn, 227
Mawdùdì. seeAbùA"la Maudùdì