social epidemiology 399
social harm 223
social interaction 385
social isolation 317, 318
social learning model 99, 108–12,
117 – 19, 122, 127, 130, 133,
138, 139
social messages 54, 60
social mobility 372
social network 61
social norms 33
Social Provisions Scale 337
social psychological models 217
Social Readjustment Rating Scale
(SRRS) 244
social support 62–3, 273–6,
280 – 2
socially transformatory model 205
socio-demographics 225, 318
socio-economic status (SES) 193; see
also class
Socratic questioning 297
soft water 376
specific immune processes 260
specificity theory of pain 286
specificity 214
speech 276
spinal cord 8
spleen 260
spontaneity 201
spontaneous attributions 372
Sport for All 168, 174
sport 168–70, 174
facilities 174
Sports Council 168, 174
SRE, see schedule of recent
experiences
stage theories 8, 375
stages of change model 19, 22–3, 43,
178, 179
stages of substance use, see substance
use, stages
stair climbing 170, 303
stair use 168, 175, 360
State-trait Anxiety Inventory 300
standard needs approach 386
Stanford Five City Project 121
STDs, see sexually transmitted diseases
stereotyping 9, 90, 95, 151, 354
stigma 66, 157–8, 222, 223, 360
Stiles Verbal Response Mode 93
stomach ache 272
stomach cancer, see cancer, stomach
stomach complaints 275
stress 5–8, 17, 19, 52, 57, 61, 66, 67,
83, 89, 116, 123, 172, 233–82,
295, 307, 317, 318, 323, 324,
325, 334, 336, 342, 345, 347,
372, 378, 398, 399
acute 234, 241, 243
behaviour and 254– 6
cancer and 340
chronic 234, 243, 253–4, 265– 7
changes in physiology 257
definition 234
illness and 251– 82
management 119, 376, 379
measurement 233, 243– 5
models 234– 9
physiology and 241– 3
psychological factors in 238– 41
reactivity 242–3, 247, 258, 259,
277, 372, 376,
recovery 242, 243, 259
relationship with eating 255– 6
relationships and 266– 7
resistance 242, 243, 259– 60
responses 244, 249, 267
self-control and 240– 1
stress buffering hypothesis 274
stress-diathesis model 253, 254
stressful events 240
stress hormones 267
stress-illness link 257
stress-related growth 272
stressful tasks 241, 243
stroke 6, 70, 91, 226, 303, 374, 375
Stroop task 157, 160, 161
structural defects 4
structural equation modelling 37
subjective expected utility (SEU)
theory 24, 190
subjective health measures 386,
390 – 1
subjective health status 385, 386,
393, 394; see also quality of lifesubstance use 99, 191, 194, 201,
271, 337
stages 110– 22
substitution 128, 129
sucrose 129
sudden death 371, 384
suicide 346, 393
sun cream 43
sun tanning 43
support groups 343
support 65, 66
supressor T cells 260
surgery 8, 9, 68, 83–4, 228, 310–11,
314, 342, 355, 366, 368, 370,
380, 390, 392
surveys 9
survival 262
susceptibility 24–30, 114, 197, 199,
200 – 1, 218, 331, 340, 371
to HIV 333– 4
swimming 169
Swiss National Research Programme
121
sympathetic activation 241, 242,
243, 249, 257, 259, 282
symptoms 51– 3
cancer 345– 7
perception of 53, 58– 60T cells 260, 262
T helper cells 263, 330, 334, 335
T helper lymphocytes 261
T lymphocytes 261, 263
teaching 8, 84
television viewing 359
temperance movement 105
temporal element 34
tension 19, 112, 129, 174, 234, 255,
296, 344
tension reduction theory 255
terminal illness 303
tertiary prevention 212
testicular self-examination 33, 212,
213
theories 8–9, 36, 72–3, 130, 231,
380, 398, 399
lay 18, 43, 48
of addictive behaviours 99– 131472 INDEX