Base code 17 : Dots 4, 5 and 6 - Mirror image of letter (l)
Punctuation Indicator ( )
Though dots 4,5 & 6 have many meanings, they basically function as the punctuation
indicator. They are also used for indicating boldface letters. For example, we write
functions like a + b where letter (a) is written in bold. Inserting dots 4, 5 & 6 before the
letter ‘a’ indicates that it is bold type whereas letter b is of normal type.
The period at the end of the function is also indicated by
For example, “3.” is written as
Dots 4, 5 and 6 are also used for indicating the presence of German letters in the text.
Base code 18 : Dots 1, 4 and 6 - Mirror image of letter (m)
Directly under: ( )
In mathematics, certain indicators change the meaning of the functions of the letter,
equations, etc. For example, lim^ with an underscore below the “limit” value is different
from the expression lim (over). Similarly X^ and X^ are different. Dots 1, 4, & 6 put before
the operation indicates that it is directly under. Again this is an indicator. The mirror
image of the letter “m” is represented by dots 1,4, and 6. In writing mathematical
expressions, there are occasions when we indicate anything pointing down and this is
called “directly under”. For example, the arrow where the arrow head pointing downwards
is indicated by the directly under sign. Similarly in X, the _ is called directly under and it
is indicated by the directly under sign. The examples are as follows:
.•
.•
.•- ...
..
.•
..
••-.
- ...
.•
.•
.•..
••..•
.•
••..
••...•
.•
.•..
••...
-.
••
.•
.•
.•..
.•
••