Organic Chemistry

CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 CH 3 CH 2 Br CH 3 OCH 3 CH 3 CH 2 Cl CH 3 CH 2 OH T his book organizes or- ganic chemistry ac- cording to how org ...

Introduction 61 where nis any integer. So, if an alkane has one carbon atom, it must have four hydrogen atoms; if it has two car ...

62 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds There are three alkanes with molecular formula Pentane is the straight- chain ...

Section 2.1 Nomenclature of Alkyl Substituents 63 There are nine alkanes with molecular formula We can name only two of them (he ...

64 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds If a hydrogen of an alkane is replaced by an OH, the compound becomes an alcoh ...

Section 2.1 Nomenclature of Alkyl Substituents 65 There are four alkyl groups that contain four carbon atoms. The butyl and isob ...

66 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds The prefix “tert”is found in tert-butyl and tert-pentyl because each of these ...

Section 2.2 Nomenclature of Alkanes 67 First, determine the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain. Number the chain ...

68 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds A number and a word are separated by a hyphen; numbers are separated by a comm ...

Section 2.2 Nomenclature of Alkanes 69 Only if the same set of numbers is obtained in both directions does the first group cited ...

PROBLEM 4 Draw the structure of each of the following compounds: a. 2,3-dimethylhexane d. 2,2-dimethyl-4-propyloctane b. 4-isop ...

Section 2.3 Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes 71 2.3 Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes Cycloalkanesare alkanes with their carbon atoms arr ...

substituent getting as low a number as possible. If two substituents have the same low number, the ring is numbered—either clock ...

2.4 Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides Alkyl halides are compounds in which a hydrogen of an alkane has been replaced by a halogen. A ...

PROBLEM 11 Draw the structures and provide systematic names for a–c by substituting a chlorine for a hydrogen of methylcyclohexa ...

b. Do all of these ethers have common names? c. What are their common names? 2.6 Nomenclature of Alcohols Alcohols are c ...

76 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds The parent hydrocarbon is numbered in the direction that gives the functional ...

Section 2.7 Nomenclature of Amines 77 PROBLEM 13 Draw the structures of a homologous series of alcohols that have from one to si ...

78 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds one word (unlike the common names of alcohols, ethers, and alkyl halides, in w ...

Section 2.7 Nomenclature of Amines 79 PROBLEM 16 Give common and systematic names for each of the following compounds: a. d. b. ...