671017.pdf

x y p A B C D E Figure 1: Cantilever beam. Figure 2: Computing of bending moment with stress. Table 1: Deflection error with ele ...

0 0102030 − 250 − 200 − 150 − 100 − 50 Bendi ng moment (kN m ) x(m) (a)2×8 0 0102030 − 250 − 200 − 150 − 100 − 50 Bendi ng momen ...

Table 3: Bending moment error (%). Element type Mesh Computed with stress Computed with displacement BCDBCD CPS4 2×8 −89.19 −88. ...

5 10 15 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 2000 4000 C PE8R-8-60-W C PE8R-8-60-Y − 2000 Bending moment (kN m ) y( m) Figure 7: Bending moment ...

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 00.01 0.02 0.03 0. 04 Displacem ent (m) −0. 01 y( m) C PE8R-8-60 C P E 4-2-15 C P E 4-4-15 C P E 4-8-15 (a ...

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 2000 4000 C PE8R-8-60-W C P E 4-2-15-W C P E 4-4-15-W C P E 4-8-15-W − 2000 y( m) Bending moment (kN m ) (a ...

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 2000 4000 C PE8R-8-60-Y C P E 4-2-15-Y C P E 4-4-15-Y C P E 4-8-15-Y − 2000 y( m) Bending moment (kN m ) (a ...

101 m Sheet pile wall 30 m 30 m 10 m 20 m^1 m 40 m 20 m (a) Suspended sheet pile wall 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 C P E 4-8-10-W C P E ...

Pile location Figure 12: 3-D finite element mesh. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 2000 4000 5 10 15 C 3D 20R-8-60-W C 3D 20R-8-60-Y − 2000 ...

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 00.02 0.04 0. 06 Displacem ent (m) C 3D 20R -8-60 C 3D 8-2-15 C 3D 8-4-15 C 3D 8-8-15 −0. 02 y( m) (a) Gri ...

Table 11: Calculated bending moment in the pile (with C3D8). Item Grid number along the length Grid number across pile section 2 ...

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1000 3000 5000 C 3D 20R-8-60-W C 3D 8-2-15-W C 3D 8-4-15-W C 3D 8-8-15-W − 3000 − 1000 Bending moment (kN m ) ...

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1000 3000 5000 C 3D 20R-8-60-Y C 3D 8-2-15-Y C 3D 8-4-15-Y C 3D 8-8-15-Y y( m) − 3000 − 1000 Bending moment ( ...

Flyash Dike −5. 3 63 6 − 2 0 L = 200m 22.58. (^45) 16. 8 18. 5 Figure 17: Cross-section of the piles of a bridge and a polder ...

Table 13: Meshes for the analysis. Item C3D20R-M3 C3D8-M1 C3D8-M2 C3D8-M3 C3D8-M4 C3D8-M5 Element number 22620 9541 15855 22620 ...

Table 15: Comparison of horizontal displacements calculated by 2-D and 3-D analyses. Pile spacing 2 m 9 m 100 m 1000 m Element t ...

0 0 50 100 150 El evat ion (m) C3D8-M 1-W C3D8-M 2-W C3D8-M 3-W C 3D 20R-M 3-W − 150 − 100 − 50 Bending moment (kN m ) − 100 − 8 ...

Notation CPS4: 4-node plane stress element CPS8R: 8-node plane stress element, reduced-integration CPE4: 4-node plane strain ele ...