political science

systems operate? Or is the broader category, semi-presidential, more useful? Or, would it make more sense to collapse the premie ...

Cheibub, J. A., Przeworski, A. and Saiegh,S. 2004. Government coalitions and legislative success under presidentialism and parli ...

Lijphart,A. 1999 .Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-six Countries. New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univer ...

Samuels,D. 2004. Presidentialism and accountability for the economy in comparative perspective.American Political Science Review ...

chapter 19 ..................................................................................................................... ...

apply to public bureaucracies. Bureaucracy, however, is a generic term, and private companies typically have bureaucracies as we ...

‘‘Bureaucracy’’ often conveys a negative connotation; ‘‘bureaucratic’’ is a pejora- tive condemnation. All too often, the clumsy ...

safely violate the oYcially posted speed limit because they know that police oYcers are highly unlikely to stop them for driving ...

levels tend to have diVerent cultures: they think diVerently, they process informa- tion diVerently, they decide diVerently. At ...

ensuring that this is done eYciently (that the bureaucracy does not waste resources in having diVerent people doing the same thi ...

nothing in the nature of bureaucracy itself that dictates these things. It is, quite simply, a method that seeks to organize peo ...

shortcut the rules in making required payments to them.) An emphasis on procedures can limit an organization’s responsiveness to ...

the people who elect them. The challenge is empowering them enough to do their jobs while restraining their power to prevent abu ...

serfs put up with overbearing nobles because they protected them when marauders raided, and the Roman Emperor Caligula was kille ...

directly administer. Federal administrators manage air traYc control, airline security, and the national parks, and they pay out ...

complained that the traditional bureaucratic approach rendered public organiza- tions unresponsive to citizens and wasteful of p ...

number of individuals to receive job training—and held the chief executive responsible for delivering those outputs. In short, t ...

the Clinton administration launched a broad reform eVort. Clearly worried by the strong third-party candidacy of H. Ross Perot, ...

management of human capital, the capacity of government employees to do their jobs; to increase the contracting out of public se ...

On one hand, bureaucracy is one element of government that, it can be said with certainty, will endure through the ages, just as ...