political science

systematically how much informational value legislatures produce and provide to their members (Cox 2006 ). Gilligan and Krehbiel ...

worth testing systematically whether institutional factors such as the availability of sub-national oYces and the decentralizati ...

5 Decisiveness ................................................................................................................. ...

make it possible for legislators to realize gains unrealizable in unorganized, state- of-nature assemblies. The relative balance ...

single dimension of a potentially N-dimensional spatial model. Legislators’ esti- mated ideal points, moreover, tend to be extre ...

enhance our understanding of what accounts for the relative strength of legislative parties (Vote World 2005 ). 4 6Checks ...... ...

for government action—may be exercised by minorities. Closely related to withholding approval, and sequentially prior to it in p ...

Martin and Vanberg ( 2005 ) take an important step in this direction, expanding into the study of legislative checks on external ...

they diVer on matters unimportant to most voters—then bicameralism will channel legislative debate and bargaining toward inessen ...

the incentive to do so. I encourage cross-national research into the conditions that allow for legislatures to develop policy ex ...

Carroll, R., Cox, G. W., and Pachón,M. 2004. How political parties create democracy. Prepared for delivery at the annual meeting ...

InternationalInstitute forDemocracy andElectoralAssistance 1997.Handbook of Electoral Systems. Stockholm: IDEA. Inter-Parliament ...

Poole,K.T. 1998. Recovering a basic space from a set of issue scales.American Journal of Political Science, 42 ( 3 ): 954 – 93. ...

chapter 23 ..................................................................................................................... ...

multiplicity of [committee] leaders, this many-headed leadership, which makes the organization of the House too complex to aVord ...

( 1974 , 27 ) wrote: ‘‘no theoretical treatment of the United States Congress that posits parties as analytic units will go very ...

part of the party leadership (Saalfeld 1995 ). Similar conclusions have been reached for other European legislatures such as the ...

The Senate’s procedures have always been less majoritarian: In 1806 , Senators eliminated a rule that allowed a majority to proc ...

Fenno ( 1973 ) stressed committee autonomy from the 1950 stothe 1970 sand emphasized how committees responded diVerently to thei ...

2 The Behavioral Foundations of Partisanship ................................................................................... ...