The History of Mathematics: A Brief Course

62 3. MATHEMATICAL CULTURES II square root of a negative number and to formulate rules for operating with such numbers. The work ...

NORTH AMERICA 63 still puny compared with the schools in Germany, Britain, France, and Italy. Even as late as 1940, only about ...

64 3. MATHEMATICAL CULTURES II The writer has a copy of No. 2. stitched in a blue cover, on which is an advertisement of a Lectu ...

NORTH AMERICA 65 [H]e began and finished [this almanac] without the least information or assistance from any person, or other ...

66 3. MATHEMATICAL CULTURES II cooper, a trade that barely provided for his family of seven children. Nathaniel received only a ...

NORTH AMERICA 67 programs in mathematics in places such as Harvard and the University of Michigan, but now such programs began ...

68 3. MATHEMATICAL CULTURES II calculus text written by Abbe Jean Langevin, who was to become Bishop of Ri- mouski in 1867, was ...

NORTH AMERICA 69 Abraham Robinson. Among the mathematicians that the turbulent twentieth cen- tury condemned to wander the wor ...

70 3. MATHEMATICAL CULTURES II the use of history in teaching. He is quoted as saying, "The history of a science clarifies the o ...

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND 71 Tasmania, 1890). In New Zealand universities opened at Dunedin (University of Otago, 1869), Chris ...

72 3. MATHEMATICAL CULTURES II Refugee mathematicians. Like the United States and Canada, Australia took in some prominent Europ ...

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 73 educational trend was duplicated elsewhere in the world. During his Italian cam- paign Napoleon founde ...

74 3. MATHEMATICAL CULTURES II 3.3. What is the justification for the statement by the historian of mathematics T. Murata that J ...

Chapter 4. Women Mathematicians The subject of women mathematicians has become a major area in the history of mathematics over t ...

76 4. WOMEN MATHEMATICIANS 1. Individual achievements and obstacles to achievement A useful periodization of the progress —and i ...

INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENTS AND OBSTACLES TO ACHIEVEMENT 77 (^2) Kowalewski believed himself to be distantly related to Vladimir K ...

78 4. WOMEN MATHEMATICIANS father's blessing on her career.) In addition, most women who have had both chil- dren and a career h ...

INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENTS AND OBSTACLES TO ACHIEVEMENT 79 of the tutor or of the pupil, the same thing happened every day: every ...

80 4. WOMEN MATHEMATICIANS now have procedures for preventing and prosecuting sexual harassment. Although it cannot be said that ...

MODERN EUROPEAN WOMEN 81 Hypatia. There are two primary sources for information about the life of Hypatia. One is a passage in ...