Microbiology Demystified

they have nearly the same refractive index. The further these refractive indexes are from each other, the greater the contrast b ...

Dark Field Microscope The dark-field microscope focuses the light from the illuminator onto the top of the specimen rather than ...

Fluorescent Microscope Fluorescent microscopy uses ultraviolet light to illuminate specimens. Some organism fluoresce naturally, ...

of an electron micrograph, which is similar to a photograph. Specimens viewed by the transmission electron microscope must be cu ...

the substance are protected from spillage and outside contaminates by a glass cover that is placed over the concave portion of t ...

The Ziehl-Nielsen acid-fast stain, developed by Franz Ziehl and Friedrick Nielsen, is a red dye that attaches to the waxy materi ...

1.Prepare the specimen using the heat fixation process (see “Smear” earlier in this chapter). 2.Place a drop of crystal violet s ...

organism, causing the microorganism to appear clear. A second stain is used to colorize specific structures within the microorga ...

What magnification is used if you observe a microorganism with a microscope whose object is 100×and whose ocular lens is 10×? ( ...

What process is used to cause a specimen to adhere to a glass slide? (a) The heat fixation process (b) Wet mount (c) White glue ...

4 CHAPTER 67 Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells What do you and Athletes Foothave in common? You’ll recall from Chapter 1 th ...

Have a cellular structure. Cells that metabolize, respond to changes, move, grow, and reproduce. For additional information, see ...

rial and is usually a single circular molecule of DNA. Karyo-is Greek for “ker- nel.” A prokaryotic organism, such as a bacteriu ...

PARTS OF PROKARYOTIC CELLS Glycocalyx Glycocalyx is a sticky, sugary envelope composed of polysaccharides and/or polypeptides th ...

harm and towards food in a movement known as taxis. Movement also occurs in response to a light or chemical stimulus. Movement c ...

to another cell. The tubules are made of protein and are shorter in length than flagella and longer than fimbriae. CELL WALL The ...

Gram-negative.Agram-negative cell wall (Fig. 4-4) is thin. The inside is made of peptidoglycan. The outer membrane is composed ...

The heads always face a watery fluid such as the extracellular fluid on the outside of the cell and the intracellular fluid insi ...

Peripheral proteins. Peripheral proteins are on the inner and outer surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and have the characteri ...

Active Transport Active transportis the movement of a substance across the cytoplasmic mem- brane against the gradient by using ...