Microbiology Demystified

Fermentation Fermentation is the partial oxidation of glucose or another organic compound to release energy; it uses an organic ...

enzymes split off pairs of hydrogenated carbon atoms that make up the fatty acids. The enzymes then join these pairs to coenzyme ...

NADPH is produced from the reduction of NADP+by electrons from electron donors such as water. Purple and green bacteria use ligh ...

NADPH. The electrons from NADPH come from the splitting of H 2 O to get oxygen (O 2 ) and electrons (H+). The two systems of lig ...

(c) Anabolism (d) Hydrolase reaction What reaction combines small molecules to form large molecules? (a) Anabolic reaction (b) ...

What is caused when there is a chemical denaturing of enzymes? (a) Protein creation (b) Lipid creation (c) Very high or low pH ...

6 CHAPTER 103 Microbial Growth and Controlling Microbial Growth Microorganisms use chemicals called nutrients for growth and dev ...

and fatty acids are called heterotrophs. Heterotrophic organisms acquire or feed on organic compounds from other organisms. Orga ...

Singlet oxygen, which is in an extremely active, high-energy state. This is present in cells that use phagocytosis to ingest fo ...

The most popular and widely used medium used in microbiology laboratories is the solidifying agent agar. Agar is a complex polys ...

SELEC TIVE AND DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA In health clinics and hospitals, it is necessary to detect microorganisms that are associated ...

PRESERVING BACTERIAL CULTURES Two common methods of preserving microbial cultures are deep freezingand lyophilizationor (freeze ...

Some bacteria reproduce by budding. A small outgrowth or bud emerges from the bacterium and enlarges until it reaches the size o ...

is the time when the product of the factory must be produced in an efficient mat- ter. In this phase, however, microorganisms ar ...

When the amount of bacteria is very small, as in lakes and pure streams, bac- teria can be counted by filtration methods. Here 1 ...

of bacteria present. The more bacteria we have, the more waste products we will also have. For filamentous organisms, such as mo ...

Pasteurization,as noted in Chapter 1, uses heat to kill pathogens and reduce the number of food spoilage microorganisms in foods ...

brane. The cell’s plasma membrane regulates substances that enter and exit the cell during its life. Nutrients enter the cell as ...

Alcohols denature proteins and disrupt cytoplasmic membranes. Pure alcohol is not as effective as 70 percent because the denatur ...

Aldehydesfunction in microbial growth by denaturing proteins and inactivat- ing nucleic acids. Two types are glutaraldehyde that ...