Concepts of Programming Languages

240 Chapter 5 Names, Bindings, and Scopes d. main calls fun3; fun3 calls fun1. e. main calls fun1; fun1 calls fun3; fun3 calls f ...

Programming Exercises 241 Write a Common LISP program that clearly shows the difference between static and dynamic scoping. Wri ...

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243 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Primitive Data Types 6.3 Character String Types 6.4 User-Defined Ordinal Types 6.5 Array Types 6.6 Asso ...

244 Chapter 6 Data Types T his chapter first introduces the concept of a data type and the characteristics of the common primiti ...

6.1 Introduction 245 is that the interface of a type, which is visible to the user, is separated from the representation and set ...

246 Chapter 6 Data Types predefined types. In object-oriented languages, every instance of every class, whether predefined or us ...

6.2 Primitive Data Types 247 A negative integer could be stored in sign-magnitude notation, in which the sign bit is set to indi ...

248 Chapter 6 Data Types 6.2.1.3 Complex Some programming languages support a complex data type—for example, Fortran and Python. ...

6.2 Primitive Data Types 249 However, it takes only 20 bits to store the same number in binary.^2 The opera- tions on decimal va ...

250 Chapter 6 Data Types To provide the means of processing codings of single characters, most programming languages include a p ...

6.3 Character String Types 251 the null character. The character string literals that are built by the compiler also have the nu ...

252 Chapter 6 Data Types its catenation operator and includes functions for substring referencing and getting the size of a stri ...

6.3 Character String Types 253 The second option is to allow strings to have varying length up to a declared and fixed maximum s ...

254 Chapter 6 Data Types The limited dynamic strings of C and C++ do not require run-time descrip- tors, because the end of a st ...

6.4 User-Defined Ordinal Types 255 operations are slowed by the required pointer chasing. On the other hand, using adjacent memo ...

256 Chapter 6 Data Types 0 to represent blue, 1 to represent red, and so forth. These values could be defined as follows: int re ...

6.4 User-Defined Ordinal Types 257 from the context of its appearance. For example, if an overloaded literal and an enumeration ...

258 Chapter 6 Data Types In the area of reliability, the enumeration types of Ada, C#, F#, and Java 5.0 provide two advantages: ...

6.5 Array Types 259 for the subtype, except assignment of values outside the specified range. For example, in Day1 : Days; Day2 ...