The Facts on File Companion to British Poetry Before 1600

the remaining laborers in the initial years following the catastrophic event (the Statutes of Laborers of 1351). The events in t ...

bottom up here? Some good, however, has been accomplished because a general lawlessness has been held in check, even if it is on ...

explores the meanings of these last two identifi cations, emphasizing what each teaches about charity. Passus 17 begins with the ...

ness and sorrow that one should accept and suffer without complaint or anger. Historicists have contex- tualized this image with ...

rings with the hope of the Second Coming and the dawn of the millennial era of the heavenly kingdom. See also ALLEGORY, PIERS PL ...

est (1550); THOMAS CHURCHYARD’s The Contention... upon David Dycers Dreame (1551–52); Pyers Plowmans Exhortation unto the Lordes ...

“The Pillar Perished” thus provides an exemplary model of Wyatt’s translation, skills which not only entail linguistic transposi ...

theme of innocence, thereby providing the stark and brutal contrast to the realities of earthly and material affairs. Words such ...

many other religious tales of the 14th century. These include several Canterbury tales, such as “The MAN OF LAW’S TALE,” “The Cl ...

C D 335 QUATORZAIN From the French quatorze (four- teen), a quatorzain is a poem similar to the SONNET. It consists of 14 rhymed ...

C D 336 RALEIGH, SIR WALTER (SIR WALTER RALEGH) (ca. 1552–1618) Sir Walter Raleigh lived a varied and adventurous life—soldier, ...

“The end of the 22 Boock, entreatinge of Sorrow,” lead- ing to speculation that an immense EPIC had originally existed. Recent s ...

structures that legally considered women to be prop- erty—owned by their fathers until they married and by their husbands after— ...

and the truly beautiful and virtuous woman seemed to actually shine. As the scholar Nancy Vickers points out, Shakespeare uses a ...

chaste. Thus, the last red and white dichotomy in The Rape of Lucrece is the red of her honorable blood con- trasted to the whit ...

steal their fl our and give it to his wife to knead into a cake, but he also makes their horse bolt, forcing them into an undign ...

relation to its sources and analogues. The most impor- tant are two anonymous French fabliaux, Le Meunier et les II Clers and De ...

narrativity—for example, in an idyllic setting the singer meets a young woman on his path, and after describ- ing her, he engage ...

RIDDLES See ANGLO-SAXON RIDDLES. RIME COUÉE (TAIL RHYME) Rime couée, or tail rhyme, is a type of STANZA where rhyming short line ...

ROBERT I THE BRUCE (1274–1329) king of Scotland Robert the Bruce—later Robert I, king of Scotland—was the son of Robert de Brus ...