The Facts on File Companion to British Poetry Before 1600
The fi rst two stanzas identify speakers and situation. Stella opens by asking who stands in the dark beneath her window, compla ...
promised Astrophil that his “famist,” or hungry, eyes would be sated with the sight of Stella. Reference to his eyes as the need ...
(l. 8). The word Lieftenancy (l. 7) assures readers that Stella is still the motive for all of Astrophil’s actions; what has cha ...
both the alchemical changes detailed in Sonnet 108 and the entire pattern of achievement and loss Astrophil has undergone in the ...
C D 70 BALLAD (FOLK BALLADS) Ballads, also known as folk ballads, or popular ballads, were com- posed to be sung. Unlike the sim ...
lic, Marian regime. The format of the poem seems sim- ple: It contains 12 seven-line STANZAs in ababbcc rhyme; the lines are alm ...
the nationalist trend prompting a belief in an English Church. In particular, Askew’s comparison of faith to a beset ship (stanz ...
BARBOUR, JOHN (ca. 1320–1395) John Barbour was a MIDDLE SCOTS poet best known for his historical work The BRUCE. Like many of hi ...
tradition in his SHEPHEARDES CALENDER. In the prologue to Certayne Eglogues, Barclay notes that his poetry will con- sider topic ...
hailed as a “gay champion,” a brave pioneer writing homosexual verse. Still other reassessments have astutely fi tted Barnfi eld ...
against a much larger Danish army. Or it could be that the poet believes that Byrthnoth has made a foolish if honorable decision ...
See also MIDDLE ENGLISH POETRY, PERSONIFICATION. FURTHER READING Henderson, Arnold Clayton. “Medieval Beasts and Modern Cages: T ...
reminding him that Grendel would not be such a prob- lem if Unferth’s words matched his deeds. The com- pany laughs, and Hrothga ...
this, Hygelac rewards him with precious weapons and a large grant of land. The kingdom passes into Beowulf’s hand (ll. 2207– 08) ...
women in the poem, contextualizing it within Ger- manic culture. Power relations are an important con- cept here as well. Other ...
BEVIS OF HAMPTON ANONYMOUS (1320s) A Middle English ROMANCE, extant in varying forms in six manuscripts, Bevis of Hampton is mos ...
rinda, “queen of the shepherds.” The two venture into the forest, whereupon she shoots a buck with her bow and arrow. Robin is s ...
Bisclavret’s clothes are fetched. After a knight explains to the king that the beast has “great shame” (l. 288), he is left alon ...
swellings, that appeared on the necks and armpits of victims) was the most common, probably because it had a slightly longer inc ...
truth. He rejects the servile position that the game of love demands, and instead demands that she also live up to the truth. Se ...
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